Space-time evolution of nuclear reactions probed by two-proton intensity interferometry

Gong, W. G.; Bauer, Wolfgang; Gelbke, C. K.; Pratt, Scott

doi:10.1103/physrevc.43.781

Cited by 88 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…6 show that for free NN cross sections, BUU predicts two-particle sources that are too extended (solid line). This correspondence between the size of the source and the width of the correlation peak was known in early studies with proton-proton HBT [14,17]. A reduction of the in-medium NN cross section in BUU simulations produces sources that are in reasonable agreement with the imaged ones (dashed line).…”

Section: Probing Transport Models By Imaging Two-proton Correlationssupporting

confidence: 66%

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Space-time characterization and collective motion at intermediate energies

Verde¹

2007

Braz. J. Phys.

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Shape analyses of two-particle correlation functions are discussed. Two-proton imaging provides information about the volume, the relative contributions between fast and slow emitting sources and the profile of the twoparticle source that can be directly compared to microscopic model simulations. In the case of correlations between complex particles, the role played by collective motion and space-momentum correlations needs special considerations. By means of a semi-quantitative Monte Carlo approach, deuteron-alpha correlation functions measured in Xe+Au collisions at E/A=50 MeV are investigated. The comparison reveals the existence of a position-relative momentum correlation that reduces the apparent source size and distorts the line-shape of the correlation function. The developed ideas show how intensity interferometry with complex particles is sensitive not only to the geometry of the system but also to the interplay between collective and thermal motion.

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Section: Probing Transport Models By Imaging Two-proton Correlationssupporting

confidence: 66%

“…As a comparison, the left panel of Fig. 3 shows the results of a more common onedimensional analysis approach [13,14]. Indeed, the dashed lines correspond to a best fit of the experimental data performed by using Gaussian sources with the width used as the only free parameter.…”

Section: Imaging Two-proton Correlation Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Space-time characterization and collective motion at intermediate energies

Verde¹

2007

Braz. J. Phys.

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“…(13). The uncertainties of the BUU sources, ∆S BU U (r), are determined from the statistics of the simulations.…”

Section: Constraining the Fraction Of Long Lifetime Emissions For Buumentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Wigner function f ( p, r, t > ) is the phase-space distribution of particles with momentum p and position r at some time t > after both particles have been emitted. The function f ( p, r, t > ) can be expressed in terms of the single particle emission function d ( p, r, t), i.e., the distribution of last emission points for a particle with momentum p at location r and time t [13]:…”

Section: Two-proton Correlation Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We begin by reviewing the basic Koonin-Pratt theoretical approach [10,13] for proton-proton correlation function analyses. We discuss the basic assumptions and limitations of previous analyses that typically assumed a single emission mechanism that could be approximated by one source of radius r 0 and lifetime T or a dynamical model such as the BUU model and focused upon the height of the correlation function maximum at proton relative momenta of 20 MeV/c.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Probing transport theories via two-proton source imaging

Verde¹,

Danielewicz²,

Brown³

et al. 2003

Phys. Rev. C

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Imaging technique is applied to two-proton correlation functions to extract quantitative information about the space-time properties of the emitting source and about the fraction of protons that can be attributed to fast emission mechanisms. These new analysis techniques resolve important ambiguities that bedeviled prior comparisons between measured correlation functions and those calculated by transport theory. Quantitative comparisons to transport theory are presented here. The results of the present analysis differ from those reported previously for the same reaction systems. The shape of the two-proton emitting sources are strongly sensitive to the details about the in-medium nucleon-nucleon cross sections and their density dependence.Typeset using REVT E X 1 INTRODUCTION Transport theories have been extensively used to describe the main features of heavy ion collisions at intermediate energies [1][2][3][4]. Successful microscopic models have been based on the Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck (BUU) equation, which describes the temporal evolution of the one-body phase-space density under the influence of the nuclear mean field and individual nucleon-nucleon collisions [1]. The importance of such models stems from the connections they provide between observables measured in nucleus-nucleus collisions and microscopic quantities like the nuclear mean fields and the in-medium cross section. Recently, this connection has been exploited to place constraints on the equation of state (EOS) of nuclear matter at densities of 2ρ 0 ≤ ρ ≤ 4ρ 0 , where ρ 0 is the nuclear saturation density [5]. Comparable constraints on the EOS at lower densities require a more detailed understanding of transport phenomena at intermediate energies where the delicate interplay of competing sources of pressure, such as collisions via the residual interaction, govern the collision dynamics [6].Two-proton correlation functions can provide an important test of transport theory [7][8][9], through their sensitivity to the space-time properties of nuclear reactions [10,9,12]. Initial applications of BUU transport theory to two-proton correlation functions at incident energies of E/A<100 MeV were successful and indicated a significant sensitivity of the calculated correlation functions to the in-medium cross section [7][8][9]. The application of such techniques to higher incident energies, however, revealed that there were significant problems in reconciling the stronger calculated correlation functions to the weaker measured ones [9]. These problems, discussed below, led to criticisms that BUU transport theory might be an inadequate theoretical tool for such studies, either due to the neglect of the many body correlations in the BUU approach [8] or due to the neglect of the long lived decays of unstable fragments emitted during a collision [9].In this paper, we largely resolve this issue by showing how more quantitative experimental analyses of two-proton correlations can provide information that can be quantitatively compared to BUU transport...

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