Space‐time patterns of trends in stratospheric constituents derived from UARS measurements

Randel, William J.; Wu, Fei; Russell, James M.; Waters, J. W.

doi:10.1029/1998jd100044

Cited by 81 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…These findings are at odds with the rather large decreasing trends for CH 4 at the lower latitudes in the upper stratosphere that were reported earlier by Nedoluha et al (1998, their Fig. 1) for the time span of 1991-1997, by Randel et al (1999, their Fig. 4) for 1992-1999, and even by Rosenlof (2002Rosenlof ( ) for 1992Rosenlof ( -2001.…”

Section: Trends In Ch 4 From the Troposphere And In The Stratospherecontrasting

confidence: 56%

“…The HALOE instrument obtained sunrise (SR) and sunset (SS) profiles of CH 4 in the stratosphere and lower mesosphere, and a number of researchers have made use of its CH 4 data for studies of middle atmosphere transport. Ruth et al (1997), Randel et al (1998Randel et al ( , 1999, Gray and Russell III (1999), and later Shu et al (2013) used the multi-year distributions of the HALOE CH 4 mixing ratio as a tracer for the effects of the semi-annual oscillation (SAO) and quasibiennial oscillation (QBO) forcings. Youn et al (2006) analyzed time series of CH 4 , H 2 O, and HF from HALOE for their trends at 10 hPa and in one latitude zone, 40 to 45 degrees, and they found differences in their trends between the two hemispheres.…”

Section: Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Methane as a diagnostic tracer of changes in the Brewer–Dobson circulation of the stratosphere

Remsberg

2015

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. This study makes use of time series of methane (CH 4 ) data from the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) to detect whether there were any statistically significant changes of the Brewer-Dobson circulation (BDC) within the stratosphere during 1992-2005. The HALOE CH 4 profiles are in terms of mixing ratio versus pressure altitude and are binned into latitude zones within the Southern Hemisphere and the Northern Hemisphere. Their separate time series are then analyzed using multiple linear regression (MLR) techniques. The CH 4 trend terms for the Northern Hemisphere are significant and positive at 10 • N from 50 to 7 hPa and larger than the tropospheric CH 4 trends of about 3 % decade −1 from 20 to 7 hPa. At 60 • N the trends are clearly negative from 20 to 7 hPa. Their combined trends indicate an acceleration of the BDC in the middle stratosphere of the Northern Hemisphere during those years, most likely due to changes from the effects of wave activity. No similar significant BDC acceleration is found for the Southern Hemisphere. Trends from HALOE H 2 O are analyzed for consistency. Their mutual trends with CH 4 are anti-correlated qualitatively in the middle and upper stratosphere, where CH 4 is chemically oxidized to H 2 O. Conversely, their mutual trends in the lower stratosphere are dominated by their trends upon entry to the tropical stratosphere. Time series residuals for CH 4 in the lower mesosphere also exhibit structures that are anti-correlated in some instances with those of the tracer-like species HCl. Their occasional aperiodic structures indicate the effects of transport following episodic, wintertime wave activity. It is concluded that observed multi-year, zonally averaged distributions of CH 4 can be used to diagnose major instances of wave-induced transport in the middle atmosphere and to detect changes in the stratospheric BDC.

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Section: Trends In Ch 4 From the Troposphere And In The Stratospherecontrasting

confidence: 56%

Section: Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methane as a diagnostic tracer of changes in the Brewer–Dobson circulation of the stratosphere

Remsberg

2015

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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“…The abrupt changes observed in the HALOE data between mid-1996 and 2001 remain unexplained [Waugh et al, 2001;Engel et al, 2002]; they suggest that atmospheric processes other than transport and chemistry partitioning have affected HCl at 55 km altitude [Randel et al, 1999;Considine et al, 1999;Waugh et al, 2001]. The rise following a minimum in mid-1999 indicates a return to consistency with respect to the surface global CCl y time series assuming the HALOE data, their errors, and a 6-year lag time.…”

Section: Total Chlorine At 55 Km From Haloementioning

confidence: 95%

Long‐term trends of inorganic chlorine from ground‐based infrared solar spectra: Past increases and evidence for stabilization

Rinsland

2003

J. Geophys. Res.

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[1] Long-term time series of hydrogen chloride (HCl) and chlorine nitrate (ClONO 2 ) total column abundances has been retrieved from high spectral resolution ground-based solar absorption spectra recorded with infrared Fourier transform spectrometers at nine NDSC (Network for the Detection of Stratospheric Change) sites in both Northern and Southern Hemispheres. The data sets span up to 24 years and most extend until the end of 2001. The time series of Cl y (defined here as the sum of the HCl and ClONO 2 columns) from the three locations with the longest time-span records show rapid increases until the early 1990s superimposed on marked day-to-day, seasonal and inter-annual variability. Subsequently, the buildup in Cl y slows and reaches a broad plateau after 1996, also characterized by variability. A similar time evolution is also found in the total chlorine concentration at 55 km altitude derived from Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) global observations since 1991. The stabilization of inorganic chlorine observed in both the total columns and at 55 km altitude indicates that the near-global 1993 organic chlorine (CCl y ) peak at the Earth's surface has now propagated over a broad altitude range in the upper atmosphere, though the time lag is difficult to quantify precisely from the current data sets, due to variability. We compare the three longest measured time series with two-dimensional model calculations extending from 1977 to 2010, based on a halocarbon scenario that assumes past measured trends and a realistic extrapolation into the future. The model predicts broad Cl y maxima consistent with the long-term observations, followed by a slow Cl y decline reaching 12-14% relative to the peak by 2010. The data reported here confirm the effectiveness of the Montreal Protocol and its Amendments and Adjustments in progressively phasing out the major man-related perturbations of the stratospheric ozone layer, in particular, the anthropogenic chlorinebearing source gases. Citation: Rinsland, C. P., et al., Long-term trends of inorganic chlorine from ground-based infrared solar spectra: Past increases and evidence for stabilization,

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“…The growth rate then dropped abruptly to very low values and even zero in some locations from 1992 to 1993. Average growth rate in 1992 was only 1.8 ppbv/yr in the Northern Hemisphere, and 7.7 ppbv/yr in the Southern (Dlugokencky et al, 1994a, b;, a drop that has recently been observed in lower stratospheric CH 4 concentrations, with a 4-year time lag (Randel et al, 1999). In 1994, global methane growth rates recovered back up to about 8 ppbv per year, before continuing the previously observed long-term decrease (Dlugokencky et al, 1998).…”

Section: -1994 Drop In Growth Ratesmentioning

confidence: 76%

Atmospheric Methane: Trends and Impacts

Wuebbles

Hayhoe

2000

Non-Co2 Greenhouse Gases: Scientific Understanding, Control and Implementation

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Abstract:The concentration of methane (CH 4 ), the most abundant organic trace gas in the atmosphere, has increased dramatically over the last few centuries, more than doubling its concentration. The increasing concentrations of methane are of special concern because of its effects on climate and atmospheric chemistry. On a per molecule basis, additional methane is much more effective as a greenhouse gas than additional CO 2 . Methane is also important to both tropospheric and stratospheric chemistry. Here, we examine past trends in the concentration of methane, the sources and sinks affecting its growth rate, and the factors that could affect its growth rate in the future. This study also examines the current understanding of the effects of methane on atmospheric chemistry and climate.

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Space‐time patterns of trends in stratospheric constituents derived from UARS measurements

Cited by 81 publications

References 48 publications

Methane as a diagnostic tracer of changes in the Brewer–Dobson circulation of the stratosphere

Methane as a diagnostic tracer of changes in the Brewer–Dobson circulation of the stratosphere

Long‐term trends of inorganic chlorine from ground‐based infrared solar spectra: Past increases and evidence for stabilization

Atmospheric Methane: Trends and Impacts

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