Spaced Retrieval Enhances Memory for a Name-Face-Occupation Association in Older Adults With Probable Alzheimer's Disease

Cherry, Katie E.; Walvoord, Ashley A G; Hawley, Karri S.

doi:10.1080/00221320903548118

Cited by 36 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…For example, spaced retrieval requires the patient to remember targeted information over progressively longer delays whereas the technique of subtracting cues gradually removes aspects of the target information (e.g., the letters of a name) over successive exposures. These techniques have demonstrated efficacy in patients who have progressed to AD (Cherry, Walvoord, & Hawley, 2010;Small, 2012); results that reinforce our above conclusion that rehearsal may be most appropriate for late MCI patients. These techniques are effective for teaching specific information Sitzer, Twamley, & Jeste, 2006) (e.g., the names of new church members) but it is critical to understand that the effects are stimulus/information specific and unlikely to generalize (e.g., to other church members or new members of a Senior Center).…”

Section: Common Approachessupporting

confidence: 72%

Cognitive Rehabilitation of Memory for Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Methodological Review and Model for Future Research

Hampstead

Gillis

Stringer

2013

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

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Several recent reviews have suggested that cognitive rehabilitation may hold promise in the treatment of memory deficits experienced by patients with mild cognitive impairment. In contrast to the previous reviews that mainly focused on outcome, the current review examines key methodological challenges that are critical for designing and interpreting research studies and translating results into clinical practice. Using methodological details from 36 studies, we first examine diagnostic variability and how the use of cutoffs may bias samples toward more severely impaired patients. Second, the strengths and limitations of several common rehabilitative techniques are discussed. Half of the reviewed studies used a multi-technique approach that precludes the causal attribution between any specific technique and subsequent improvement. Third, there is a clear need to examine the dose-response relationship since this information was strikingly absent from most studies. Fourth, outcome measures varied widely and frequently depended on neuropsychological tests with little theoretical justification or ecological relevance. Fifth, we discuss how the variability in each of these other four areas complicates efforts to examine training generalization. Overall, future studies should place greater emphasis on ecologically relevant treatment approaches and outcome measures and we propose a hierarchical model that may aid in this pursuit. (JINS, 2014, 20, 135-151)

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Section: Common Approachessupporting

confidence: 72%

Cognitive Rehabilitation of Memory for Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Methodological Review and Model for Future Research

Hampstead

Gillis

Stringer

2013

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

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“…Thus, SR does not rule out the possibility of errors occurring, but in practice, because the initial recall intervals are kept very short, errors are rare and may sometimes be eliminated entirely. Reports indicate that SR can produce effective learning in people with brain injury (e.g., Melton and Bourgeois 2005) and people with dementia (Abrahams and Camp 1993;McKitrick and Camp 1993;Camp et al 1996;Cherry et al 1999;Hawley and Cherry 2004). Bourgeois et al (2003) found SR more effective than a cueing hierarchy in teaching people with dementia a strategy involving an external memory aid.…”

Section: Methodological Issuesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Errorless Learning in the Rehabilitation of Memory Impairment: A Critical Review

2008

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This review considers the origins of the errorless learning (EL) concept, its application in memory rehabilitation, the evidence for its effectiveness, and the theoretical basis for the observed findings. The evidence suggests that EL offers valuable benefits for at least some people with memory impairments when teaching certain types of tasks. However, the benefits are not evident for all groups, some findings are equivocal, and there are some limitations associated with this approach. We discuss methodological issues impacting on these mixed findings, consider which theoretical explanations might account for the findings regarding benefits and limitations of EL, and comment on the implications for rehabilitation practitioners of the current state of evidence in this area.

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“…Work by Camp and colleagues (e.g., Camp, Foss, O'Hanlon, & Stevens, 1996;Cherry, Simmons, & Camp, 1999) has shown that instrumental functioning in memory-impaired older individuals can be supported by training them with spaced-retrieval techniques to remember how to seek needed support. Spaced retrieval involves practicing the retrieval of information until it can be accessed.…”

Section: Cognitive-training Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enrichment Effects on Adult Cognitive Development

Hertzog

Kramer

Wilson

et al. 2008

Psychol Sci Public Interest

1,164

464

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SUMMARY-In this monograph, we ask whether various kinds of intellectual, physical, and social activities produce cognitive enrichment effects-that is, whether they improve cognitive performance at different points of the adult life span, with a particular emphasis on old age.We begin with a theoretical framework that emphasizes the potential of behavior to influence levels of cognitive functioning. According to this framework, the undeniable presence of age-related decline in cognition does not invalidate the view that behavior can enhance cognitive functioning. Instead, the course of normal aging shapes a zone of possible functioning, which reflects person-specific endowments and age-related constraints. Individuals influence whether they function in the higher or lower ranges of this zone by engaging in or refraining from beneficial intellectual, physical, and social activities. From this point of view, the potential for positive change, or plasticity, is maintained in adult cognition. It is an argument that is supported by newer research in neuroscience showing neural plasticity in various aspects of central nervous system functioning, neurochemistry, and architecture. This view of human potential contrasts with static conceptions of cognition in old age, according to which decline in abilities is fixed and individuals cannot slow its course. Furthermore, any understanding of cognition as it occurs in everyday life must make a distinction between basic cognitive mechanisms and skills (such as working-memory capacity) and the functional use of cognition to achieve goals in specific situations. In practice, knowledge and expertise are critical for effective functioning, and the available evidence suggests that older adults effectively employ specific knowledge and expertise and can gain new knowledge when it is required.We conclude that, on balance, the available evidence favors the hypothesis that maintaining an intellectually engaged and physically active lifestyle promotes successful cognitive aging. First, cognitive-training studies have demonstrated that older adults can improve cognitive functioning when provided with intensive training in strategies that promote thinking and remembering. The early training literature suggested little transfer of function from specifically trained skills to new cognitive tasks; learning was highly specific to the cognitive processes targeted by training. Recently, however, a new generation of studies suggests that providing structured experience in situations demanding executive coordination of skillssuch as complex video games, task-switching paradigms, and divided attention tasks-train strategic control over cognition that does show transfer to different task environments. These studies suggest that there is considerable reserve potential in older adults' cognition that can be enhanced through training.Second, a considerable number of studies indicate that maintaining a lifestyle that is intellectually stimulating predicts better maintenance of cognitive skills and is a...

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Spaced Retrieval Enhances Memory for a Name-Face-Occupation Association in Older Adults With Probable Alzheimer's Disease

Cited by 36 publications

References 14 publications

Cognitive Rehabilitation of Memory for Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Methodological Review and Model for Future Research

Cognitive Rehabilitation of Memory for Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Methodological Review and Model for Future Research

Errorless Learning in the Rehabilitation of Memory Impairment: A Critical Review

Enrichment Effects on Adult Cognitive Development

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