“Spaceflight-to-Eye Clinic”: Terrestrial advances in ophthalmic healthcare delivery from space-based innovations

Refractive shifts in astronauts during spaceflight: mechanisms, countermeasures, and future directions for in-flight measurements

“…Another consideration for refraction options for spaceflight includes the recognition of space as an austere environment with unique challenges that technology must meet [26,27]. Joseph et al described the use of a handheld lightweight, non-invasive refraction device operated via the adjustment of dials.…”