SPAD Based Digital Photon Counting Optical Distance Sensor in 150 nm CMOS Using Indirect Multiphase Time-of-Flight

Kuttner, A.; Hauser, M. G.; Dervić, Alija; Zimmermann, Horst; Hofbauer, Michael

doi:10.23919/mipro52101.2021.9597003

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…This work discovers the abilities of Gold codes allowing for true multi-access and their impact on the superior sensor precision on similar detector hardware as used in [4], [13]. Undeniably of special interest is to prove whether the codes' autocorrelation properties increase the unambiguously detectable range and to what extent multipath resolution is achievable.…”

Section: B Contributionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Direct-Sequence-CDMA in Highly Sensitive Indirect Time-of-Flight Distance Sensor

Schartmüller,

Hauser,

Kuttner

et al. 2023

IEEE Photonics J.

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This work presents the application of Direct-Sequence Code-Division-Multiple-Access (DS-CDMA) to tackle the primary problem of simultaneous multi-access of a shared light channel in an indirect Time-of-Flight measurement system based on on-off-keyed (OOK) lasers and highly sensitive singlephoton avalanche diodes (SPADs). A theoretical model of the generalized sensor system, possibly suffering from multi-path propagation, is devised for the general application of DS-CDMA. The particular choice of Gold codes is argued to not only enable multi-access but even allow for multi-path resolution down to the sampling time of the utilized digital correlator. It also increases the unambiguously detectable range by three orders of magnitude in comparison to trivial continuous squarewave modulation. Simulations and successive experimental data reveal the proposed improvements compared to trivial squarewave modulation, whilst showing an expected degradation in precision. However, still a precision below 1.5 mm is reached. A novel interleaving procedure of the codes is postulated and verified to recover the precision originally experienced upon trivial modulation.

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Section: B Contributionmentioning

confidence: 94%