Spain's energy outlook: A review of PV potential and energy export

Girard, Aymeric; Gago, Eulalia Jadraque; Ordóñez, Javier; Muneer, Tariq

doi:10.1016/j.renene.2015.08.074

Cited by 43 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…G=G 1 After finding out the permanent load, wind load, snow load and seismic load, the maximum load combination could be obtained according to the combination of the general areas in Table 2.…”

Section: General Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, with the popularization and application of solar photovoltaic support system, the design and development of structure of the photovoltaic support system have also become the focus of attention. At present, the photovoltaic support is mostly steel structure in the market, but the aluminum profile has the characteristics of light weight, beautiful appearance, corrosion resistance and other characteristics, which has attracted the attention of the market [1][2][3][4]. Compared with the automatic tracking support, the fixed photovoltaic support has smaller footprint, lower initial investment and less maintenance in the later stage of the support system; In structure, under the same environmental conditions, the stability of the fixed support structure is better than that of the tracking support ；In the power generation capacity, the power generation of the tracking support is better than the fixed support, but it needs a longer investment recovery cycle [5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Research and Design of Fixed Photovoltaic Support Structure Based on SAP2000

Wang

Gu³

et al. 2018

MATEC Web of Conferences

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Abstract. In the solar photovoltaic power station project, PV support is one of the main structures, and fixed photovoltaic PV support is one of the most commonly used stents. For the the actual demand in a Japanese photovoltaic power, SAP2000 finite element analysis software is used in this paper, based on Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS C 8955-2011), describing the system of fixed photovoltaic support structure design and calculation method and process. The results show that: (1) according to the general requirements of 4 rows and 5 columns fixed photovoltaic support, the typical permanent load of the PV support is 4679.4 N, the wind load being 1.05 kN/m 2 , the snow load being 0.89 kN/m 2 and the seismic load is 5877.51 N; (2) by theoretical calculation of the two ends extended beam model, the beam span under the rail is determined 2200 mm; (3) by the way of using the single factor experiment, through the calculation and analysis of SAP2000, the three best supporting points of the support of the W stent are determined; (4) by comprehensive simulation, the optimal parameters for the rail, beam, support and bolt are 60× 60× 1.0, 60× 60× 1.0, 40× 50× 2.0, and M10 respectively.

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Section: General Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research and Design of Fixed Photovoltaic Support Structure Based on SAP2000

Wang

Gu³

et al. 2018

MATEC Web of Conferences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Spain possesses greater photovoltaic (PV) potential than any other European Union member state due to its favorable climatological conditions [1,2]. In 2018, the Spanish power system had a total installed PV capacity of 4714 MW, representing 4.5% of its total capacity [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of the Legislative Framework for the Remuneration of Photovoltaic Production in Spain: A Case Study

2020

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Spain is among the European countries with the greatest photovoltaic potential. During the first decade of the 2000s, Spain was a European leader in installed photovoltaic power and job creation in the renewable energy sector, strongly influenced by a very favorable regulatory framework and public subsidies at a time of economic growth. That situation would be completely reversed with the regulatory changes introduced in 2012 to combat the tariff deficit and the instability in the electricity supply system, problems accentuated by the economic crisis. The main objective of this study is to present an exhaustive review of the legislative changes that have affected photovoltaic energy in Spain. Using real data on electricity production and the remuneration of a typical photovoltaic plant, we show that there was a very significant fall in the economic returns that investors had come to expect, within a system that prioritized, first and foremost, the initial investment rather than the levels of electricity production. The changes to the legislative framework affecting a typical 100 kWp photovoltaic (PV) facility that entered into service before 2007 provoked a significant decrease of 8.7% in expected revenues, calculated from real data of production and income. These economic losses can be even higher, with a drop in revenue of almost 25% if the entire period of the installation’s useful life is analyzed. Public support for renewable energy is important for its introduction into the electricity market, but so is regulatory stability that offers investment security and predictability for maintaining investment and development in the renewable energy sector.

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“…Solar energy accounts for a large proportion of the new and renewable energy sources [4,5]. Currently, large-scale photovoltaic (PV) plants are continuously being installed [6][7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design Methods of Underwater Grounding Electrode Array by Considering Inter-Electrode Interference for Floating PVs

et al. 2018

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An optimal design method is proposed in this paper to improve the safety and price competitiveness of floating photovoltaic (PV) systems. From the standards for grounding by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 60364, the Electrical Equipment Technology Standards (EETS) are set up for the grounding resistance to be less than or equal to 10 Ω for high voltage (above 750 V DC) and extra high voltage (above 7000 V) systems. In order to satisfy this criterion, a parallel connection of grounding electrodes is essential in the system. Furthermore, inter-electrode interference should be considered to reflect the resistance increase due to the potential increase between electrodes. Therefore, in this study, the parallel grounding resistance according to the distance and number of electrodes, as well as the arrangement method were theoretically predicted and compared with the measured values. For the first time, the design of grounding electrodes has been applied to real floating PV systems and is expected to satisfy EETS.

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Spain's energy outlook: A review of PV potential and energy export

Cited by 43 publications

References 34 publications

Research and Design of Fixed Photovoltaic Support Structure Based on SAP2000

Research and Design of Fixed Photovoltaic Support Structure Based on SAP2000

Review of the Legislative Framework for the Remuneration of Photovoltaic Production in Spain: A Case Study

Design Methods of Underwater Grounding Electrode Array by Considering Inter-Electrode Interference for Floating PVs

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