Spallation neutron production by 0.8, 1.2, and 1.6 GeV protons on various targets

Abstract

Spallation neutron production in proton induced reactions on Al, Fe, Zr, W, Pb and Th targets at 1.2 GeV and on Fe and Pb at 0.8, and 1.6 GeV measured at the SATURNE accelerator in Saclay is reported. The experimental double-differential cross-sections are compared with calculations performed with different intra-nuclear cascade models implemented in high energy transport codes. The broad angular coverage also allowed the determination of average neutron multiplicities above 2 MeV. Deficiencies in some of the models commonly used for applications are pointed out.

Neutron-Production Double-Differential Cross Sections of Iron and Lead by 0.8 and 1.5 GeV Protons in the Most-Forward Direction

“…Error bars included both statistical uncertainties and ambiguity of neutron detection efficiency (15%) in a form of one sigma. Experimental data of iron and lead for 0.8 and 1.5 GeV protons were compared with other experimental data 12,13) measured by recoil proton spectrometers and the results of model calculation codes. The results of other experiments and calculation codes were broadened by Gaussian-type function to take account of the energy resolution.…”

“…• -neutron spectrum measurement, 12,13) because the TOF method has a poor energy resolution for high-energy neutrons. The TOF method, however, provides a higher detection efficiency and uses a simpler data analysis than the recoil proton method.…”

Validation of JENDL High-Energy File through Analyses of Spallation Experiments at Incident Proton Energies from 0.5 to 2.83 GeV

“…According to the systematic errors in the time-of-flight method and those in beam monitoring, the spectrometer response function and the unfolding process, which are given in Ref. 28), total uncertainty reaches about 15% in the 2-100 MeV region. The calculated results are higher than the experimental data below 10 MeV but lower between 30 and 100 MeV, even when taking account of the experimental uncertainty.…”

“…Similarly to the W target case, the library-based calculation gives slightly higher values than Since the neutron yield also decreases with its energy, the spectral component lower than 10 MeV is emphasized in the resultant neutron multiplicity. For comparison, the experimental double-differential neutron energy production cross sections measured at SATURNE 28) with a W target of 3 cm diameter and 2 cm length were analyzed with the library-based calculation. Figure 11 shows the C/E values of neutron spectra at emission angles of 25, 80, and 160 for the 1.2 GeV proton incidence.…”

Measurements of Neutron-production Double-differential Cross-sections at 100 MeV Neutron-Incidence on Fe

“…Protoninduced neutron-production double-differential cross sections have been measured up to 3 GeV [1][2][3] . However, data of neutron-induced neutron-production double-differential cross sections above 100 MeV are insufficient because of neutron measurement difficulties and a few quasi-monochromatic neutron sources.…”