Spanish depictions of the Miracle of the Black Leg

Fracchia, Carmen

doi:10.2307/j.ctt227287n.9

Cited by 13 publications

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“…두 성인의 연구들은 또한 종교 예술사나 종교 의학사의 관점에서 고대 혹은 중세의 기독교 성인과 치유 문제를 다루기도 한다( Csepregi, 2002 , 2007 , 2012 ; de Jong, 1998 , 2013 ; Huisman, 1998 ). 아울러 「검은 다리의 기적」이 만들어 내는 육체와 정신, 종교와 인종 등의 복합적인 해석과 문제들을 종교 민속학이나 문화사회학의 시각에서 다룬 연구들도 있다( Barkan, 1996 ; Bynum, 1990 , 2016 ; Fracchia, 2013 , Jacquet, 1983 ). 그리고 이 논문의 참고문헌에 소개된 다양한 이식의학 문헌들 속에서 두 성인은 그 신화와 전설의 주요한 주인공으로 거의 언제나 서두를 장식한다.…”

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“…노예무역의 번성과 이슬람 문화와의 충돌로 역사적 변혁을 겪은 스페인의 경우는 특히 「검은 다리의 기적」을 표상한 예술 매체의 성격이 달랐다. 이에 대해서는 Fracchia(2013) , Simpson(2014) 혹은 서종석(2017) 등을 참조 바람. 또한, 기독교인의 병든 ‘흰’ 다리와 무슬림 공여자의 ‘검은’ 다리의 상호교환은 종교적인 측면에서 많은 상징적 해석을 낳는다.…”

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Religious Myths and their Historical Heritage: How did Saints Cosmas and Damian become Patron Saints of Surgery? - From the Miracle of the Black Legs to 21st Century Transplant Medicine -

Soh

2020

Korean J Med Hist

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This paper explores the heritage and the essential significance of worship of the twin Christian saints -St. Cosmas and St. Damian- in the history of medicine. These saints are well known in Western culture as one of the leading Christian saints to heal diseases, whose cults have spread to Europe through Byzantium, which have continued to spread widely to the present, starting from areas where Christianity had been proselytized. Although it is true that their life journeys have undergone many processes of embellishment and beautification over the course of time, the attributes that distinctively characterize the two saints exist apart from such mythical fabrications. This paper categorizes the characteristics of the two saints as being those of “professional doctors,” “ideal doctors,” and “holders of healing powers” as intermediaries of God, examining how these characteristics came to affect various medical organizations during the era when Medieval medicine was gradually transitioning toward a rational approach based on reason. In addition, it discusses how some of the practices of ancient temple medicine were transplanted into the Christian culture, the process by which it finally arrived at human doctors through the two saints, and how it affected the establishment of professional work ethics -albeit in nascent form- as their medical ethics came to be accepted and practiced by the Medieval guild of surgeons. Furthermore, the paper considers how the existence of the two saints has acquired symbolism in modern medicine, which has made remarkable progress in organ transplantation, and in particular, how it constitutes a significant part of the history of organ transplantation. It is not easy to objectify and attach meaning to an era that was substantially influenced by myths, legends, or religious events. This is because it is easy to fall into the trap of simplifying and passing judgment on the past based on the realities of the present day, without making efforts to understand the unique circumstances and contexts of the past. This is especially the case when the distinction between “religious events” and “medical events” is ambiguous, or when dealing with a social culture where religious influence was paramount. From a broader perspective, the study of St. Cosmas and St. Damian is not concerned with the rights or wrongs of religious myths amid the advancement of medicine and its adherence to science and reason, but with the attempt at a deep and broad understanding of human diseases and human conditions of being prone to such diseases throughout life.

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Religious Myths and their Historical Heritage: How did Saints Cosmas and Damian become Patron Saints of Surgery? - From the Miracle of the Black Legs to 21st Century Transplant Medicine -

Soh

2020

Korean J Med Hist

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'Black but Human'

Fracchia¹

2019

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The African presence in imperial Spain, of between 10-15 per cent of the population, was due to the institutionalization of the transatlantic slave trade that brought between seven- to eight hundred thousand Africans as slaves to Spain and Portugal. If we add those slaves born in these European territories and the three to four hundred thousand Moor, Berber and Turk slaves, there were approximately two million slaves living in the Iberian Peninsula during this period. The Afro-Hispanic proverb ‘Black but Human’ that provides part of the book’s title, serves as a lens through which to explore the ways in which certain visual representations of slavery both embody and reproduce hegemonic visions of subaltern groups, and at the same time provide material for critical and emancipatory practices by Afro-Hispanic slaves and ex-slaves themselves. It thus allows us to generate critical insights into the articulations of slave subjectivity by exploring the links between visual regimes and the early modern Spanish and New World discourses on slavery and human diversity. My book provides a complex new reading of neglected moments of artistic production in Hapsburg Spain establishing their importance as relays of power and resistance. We could claim that the ‘Black but Human’ topos encodes the multilayered processes through which a black emancipatory subject emerges and a ‘black nation’ forges a collective resistance, and the ways in which these moments are articulated visually by a range of artists. Thus, this proverb is the main thread of the six chapters of this book.

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Fracchia

2019

'Black but Human'

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Spanish depictions of the Miracle of the Black Leg

Cited by 13 publications

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Religious Myths and their Historical Heritage: How did Saints Cosmas and Damian become Patron Saints of Surgery? - From the Miracle of the Black Legs to 21st Century Transplant Medicine -

Religious Myths and their Historical Heritage: How did Saints Cosmas and Damian become Patron Saints of Surgery? - From the Miracle of the Black Legs to 21st Century Transplant Medicine -

'Black but Human'

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