Spanish Regions in Global Value Chains: How Important? How Different?

Productive Specialization and Integration in South America: A Global Input-Output Analysis

“…According to Lalanne (2023), the percentage of income induced by international trade relations is around 26% in Europe and 20.4% in East and South East Asia. Other studies reach similar results employing alternative indexes (Stöllinger et al, 2018;Miroudot and Nordström, 2020;Xiao et al, 2020). 1 Within South America, the countries that are part of the two most important trade blocs, Mercosur and the Pacific Alliance (PA from now on), show different trajectories, with the latter being the most integrated sub-region.…”

FDI Inflows and Global Value Chains in the ASEAN in Recent Years

“…developed local or international supplier bases) had been existing in a country for a considerable period of time for higher R-GVC participation. The literature has shown a positive association, specifically a positive correlation, exists between FDI stocks and R-GVC indicators (Hanzl-Weiss et al, 2018;Mitra et al, 2020;ASEAN-Japan Centre, 2022;Buelens & Tirpak, 2017).…”

Making the most of public investment to address regional inequalities, megatrends and future shocks

“…In 2017, the Global Infrastructure Hub estimated an infrastructure gap (i.e. the difference between the estimated investment need and investment expected under the current trends) ( of USD 94 trillion over the period 2016-2040 -a further USD 3.5 trillion would be required to achieve the SDGs (Oxford Economics/Global Infrastructure Hub, 2017 [92]) This investment gap is largest in the Americas (47%), followed by Africa (39%), Europe (16%), Oceania (10%) and Asia (10%) (Oxford Economics/Global Infrastructure Hub, 2017 [92]). If these deficiencies are not addressed, they can hamper productivity and socio-economic opportunities as well as countries' resilience in the face of demographic, climate and digital changes.…”