Spark discharges in liquid heptane in contact with silver nitrate solution: Investigation of the synthesized particles

Mohammadi, Kyana; Hamdan, Ahmad

doi:10.1002/ppap.202100083

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Finally, O is probably due to the oxidation of the nanoparticles. The oxidation may happen during synthesis (by the oxidative species during discharge such as OH and O) [ 39 ] or after being exposed to ambient air [ 42 ]. Figure 2 c shows the particle size distribution deduced by measuring the diameter of many particles imaged by TEM.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After 30 min of discharge treatment at 10 Hz, both liquids change color, which indicates that they contain nanoparticles. In the previous study [ 39 ] where a solution of Ag-nitrate was used, Ag particles were synthesized in both liquids. Most particles collected from heptane were Ag nanoparticles (<10 nm) embedded in hydrocarbon network; meanwhile, the material collected from the silver nitrate solution was Ag nanoparticles (10–150 nm of diameter).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a previous study, we introduced a novel plasma-liquid system, that combines the advantages of both in-liquid and in-contact with liquid systems. Indeed, discharges were sustained in liquid heptane that is in contact with a conductive solution (water + Ag-nitrate) [ 39 ]. This system successfully produced ultrasmall Ag nanoparticles embedded in a hydrocarbon network.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Versatile Route for Synthesis of Metal Nanoalloys by Discharges at the Interface of Two Immiscible Liquids

Hamdan

Stafford

2022

Nanomaterials

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Discharge in liquid is a promising technique to produce nanomaterials by electrode erosion. Although its feasibility was demonstrated in many conditions, the production of nanoalloys by in-liquid discharges remains a challenge. Here, we show that spark discharge in liquid cyclohexane that is in contact with conductive solution, made of a combination of Ni-nitrate and/or Fe-nitrate and/or Co-nitrate, is suitable to produce nanoalloys (<10 nm) of Ni-Fe, Ni-Co, Co-Fe, and Ni-Co-Fe. The nanoparticles are synthesized by the reduction of metal ions during discharge, and they are individually embedded in C-matrix; this latter originates from the decomposition of cyclohexane. The results open novel ways to produce a wide spectrum of nanoalloys; they are needed for many applications, such as in catalysis, plasmonic, and energy conversion.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Versatile Route for Synthesis of Metal Nanoalloys by Discharges at the Interface of Two Immiscible Liquids

Hamdan

Stafford

2022

Nanomaterials

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“…The discharge begins to burn in a mixture of water and oil vapors between the HV electrode and the water surface acting as a liquid electrode. This feature-a discharge in vapors of two liquids-is of potential use for plasmaassisted chemical reactions, for example, with liquid hydrocarbons (synthesis, conversion, etc) [52,53].…”

Section: The Gap 'Short-circuiting' Plasma Onsetmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oil–water interface dynamics and electrical breakdown in pulsed electric field

Panov,

Kulikov,

Vetchinin

et al. 2023

Plasma Sources Sci. Technol.

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Immiscible liquids motion and electrical breakdown at the interface of two horizontal layers of conducting water and transformer oil is studied under vertically oriented non-uniform pulsed electric field. The interface profile was tracked during experiment and showed appearance and growth of water cone inside oil. After water cone reaches high voltage electrode located in oil three scenarios are observed depending on water conductivity and pulsed voltage amplitude: electrical current flows over water without plasma formation; plasma onset due to thermal breakdown in water at the moment cone tip touches the sphere; plasma onset due to breakdown through swarm of small water drops atomized from the cone tip under the action of electrical forces. From experiments and numerical simulation the breakdown time is determined depending on applied voltage amplitude, oil-water interface behavior in electric field and electrical force distribution are studied. The results of experiment and simulation showed good agreement.

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“…For instance, streamer discharges at the interface of water/heptane lead to carbonaceous nanomaterials [16], while H:SiOC nanomaterials are produced at the water/hexamethydisilazane interface [17]. Furthermore, when spark discharges are ignited in heptane in-contact with silver nitrate solution, Ag nanoparticles (5-10 nm) encapsulated in C-matrix are produced in heptane, and larger Ag particles (10-100 nm) are produced in solution [18]. Considering that the discharge changes the color of the solutions from colorless to milky, it may further be concluded that an emulsion is formed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spark discharges at the interface of water and heptane: emulsification and effect on discharge probability

Dorval,

Stafford,

Hamdan

2023

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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Spark discharges in liquid have shown great potential for use in numerous applications, such as pollutant degradation, precision micromachining, and nanomaterials production. Herein, spark discharges are initiated at the interface of two immiscible liquids, heptane and water. This leads to the formation of an emulsion via mechanisms akin to bubble dynamics and instabilities at the gas–liquid. At high discharge number, an additional mechanism contributes to emulsion formation, resulting in an increase in the number of smaller heptane droplets in water. Analyses of the current–voltage characteristics show that high probability of discharge occurrence is obtained when the electrodes are aligned with the interface. This result is correlated with the low erosion rate of the electrodes. In the case of discharges at the interface, we observed that beyond a certain number of discharges, the breakdown voltage drops; far from the interface, it increases with the discharge number. Based on 2D simulation with a Monte Carlo approach to consider various droplet distribution in water, the electric field distribution is determined. The results support the fact that the decrease in breakdown voltage may be attributed to the intensification of the E-field in water close the heptane droplet. Therefore, spark discharges generated at the interface of a heptane/water system produce an emulsion of heptane in water, which facilitates the occurrence of subsequent discharges by intensifying the electric field and reducing the breakdown voltage.

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Spark discharges in liquid heptane in contact with silver nitrate solution: Investigation of the synthesized particles

Cited by 5 publications

References 75 publications

A Versatile Route for Synthesis of Metal Nanoalloys by Discharges at the Interface of Two Immiscible Liquids

A Versatile Route for Synthesis of Metal Nanoalloys by Discharges at the Interface of Two Immiscible Liquids

Oil–water interface dynamics and electrical breakdown in pulsed electric field

Spark discharges at the interface of water and heptane: emulsification and effect on discharge probability

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