Spark erosion behavior of silver-based particulate composites

Wang, Bor-Jenq; Saka, Nannaji

doi:10.1016/0043-1648(95)06816-3

Cited by 22 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Consequently, the viscosity does not influence the wear resistance of electrode materials, in contrast to the suggestions made for silver-based contact materials. [4] This confirms the conclusions which were drawn above.…”

Section: Discussion Of the Wear Behavioursupporting

confidence: 82%

“…In presence of such particles, electrical discharges cause smaller and flatter craters. [4,5] As a result of the increased viscosity of the molten material, less particles are ejected from the crater. [4] This effect can only operate if the melting point of the particles is higher than that of the matrix material.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[4,5] As a result of the increased viscosity of the molten material, less particles are ejected from the crater. [4] This effect can only operate if the melting point of the particles is higher than that of the matrix material.Furthermore, the wear resistance can be raised by the addition of particles with a sublimation temperature close to the melting point of the matrix material. The sublimation of the particles, e.g CdO consumes energy which cools the melt.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Platinum Ceramic Composites as new Electrode Materials: Fabrication, Sintering, Microstructures and Properties

et al. 2006

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In a variety of applications metal matrix composites (MMC) show very beneficial properties. A well-known example are oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) materials. Their high temperature mechanical properties can be noticeably improved by adding ceramic particles to a metal matrix. A similar approach was used for the development of wearresistant materials, e.g. silver-based contact materials for switches [1] or iridium-based electrode materials. [2] Both electrical contacts and electrodes are damaged by an arc discharge. The crater formation can be explained by the particle-ejection-model [3] which describes the loss of material as melting and splashing of electrode material.The wear resistance of contact materials is increased by the addition of particles like SnO 2 , CdO, In 2 O 3 to a silver matrix. In presence of such particles, electrical discharges cause smaller and flatter craters. [4,5] As a result of the increased viscosity of the molten material, less particles are ejected from the crater. [4] This effect can only operate if the melting point of the particles is higher than that of the matrix material.Furthermore, the wear resistance can be raised by the addition of particles with a sublimation temperature close to the melting point of the matrix material. The sublimation of the particles, e.g CdO consumes energy which cools the melt. This reduces the amount of molten material, thus leading to less erosion. [6] In order to improve the erosion resistance of electrode materials Al 2 O 3 , MgO, and rare earth metal oxides, especially Y 2 O 3 and La 2 O 3 have been added to iridium and ruthenium, respectively. [7,8] Two theories are discussed to explain the increase in wear resistance. On the one hand, these oxides impede oxidation of the electrode surface. [9,10] On the other hand, the large atomic weight of the oxides, especially of rare earth metals, leads to a reduced sputter rate during the glow discharge. [11] In a previous paper [12] we showed that oxidation plays a dominant role in the erosion of electrode materials. In the case of platinum, erosion stems from the plasma-assisted formation of volatile oxides in the cathode spot.In this paper, the fabrication, microstructural design and characterization of platinum composites with 14 vol.% ceramic dispersoids are presented. Metal oxides of different atomic weight and high melting points were chosen: MgO (M Mg = 24.3 g/mol), ZrO 2 (M Zr = 91.2 g/mol) and CeO 2 COMMUNICATIONS ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS 2006, 8, No. 1-2 a) b) Fig. 1. Metallographic cross sections of Pt/MgO samples after the second sintering at 1600°C: (a) mechanically alloyed and (b) chemically alloyed samples. The microstructure of the chemically alloyed sample is much more homogeneous.

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Section: Discussion Of the Wear Behavioursupporting

confidence: 82%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Platinum Ceramic Composites as new Electrode Materials: Fabrication, Sintering, Microstructures and Properties

et al. 2006

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“…8 from different areas. Some typical morphologies can be observed, [40][41][42] such as holes [ Fig. 9(A)], Ag enrichment zones, ZnO enrichment zones [ Fig.…”

Section: Characterizations Of Morphologies Of Ag/zno (A) After Thementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The initial microstructure of electrical contact materials on the performance of electrical equipment such as antiarc erosion, welding susceptibility, and contact resistance are also investigated. [40][41][42][43] The contact surface melts and phase transformation takes place because of arcing generated during switching operations. When the surfaces of electrical contact materials experience a single arc or repeated arc erosion, surface morphology and process of arc erosion are very complicated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of preparing method of ZnO powders on electrical arc erosion behavior of Ag/ZnO electrical contact material

Wei

Zhang

et al. 2016

J. Mater. Res.

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Two kinds of Ag/ZnO electrical contact materials were fabricated by powder metallurgy method. The electrical life testing was done to investigate the arc erosion behavior of the prepared contact materials. Their properties and morphologies were characterized and discussed in detail. Results showed that Ag/ZnO (c) with coprecipitated ZnO as the second phase had better mechanical and electrical properties compared with Ag/ZnO (a) with ZnO purchased from Aladdin Industrial, Inc. Besides, some typical morphologies, such as holes, Ag or ZnO enrichment zone, Ag skeletons and bubbling area, occurred on the surface of the contacts. Especially for Ag/ZnO (c) , vertically aligned ZnO nanorod arrays were detected after the life testing without any other supporting equipment. The existence of a solid solution Zn 1Àx Ag x O and different energy generated during arcing process were possible reasons resulting in this phenomenon. A solid-vapor-solid mechanism was put forward to analyze the phenomenon mentioned above. These evidences could also offer some valuable information desired for reducing the splashing of Ag droplet under arcing.

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Oxidation Damage of Spark Plug Electrodes

et al. 2005

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Knowledge about the erosion mechanisms of spark plug materials is of fundamental interest for the development of materials with a high resistance against electrode erosion. Endurance tests were performed to study the wear behaviour of platinum, iridium, silver and nickel as electrode materials for spark plugs between 200 and 900 °C. Oxidation must be the dominating mechanism, irrespective of the material. Additional calculations resulted in the suggestion of a plasma‐assisted oxidation process.

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Spark erosion behavior of silver-based particulate composites

Cited by 22 publications

References 10 publications

Platinum Ceramic Composites as new Electrode Materials: Fabrication, Sintering, Microstructures and Properties

Platinum Ceramic Composites as new Electrode Materials: Fabrication, Sintering, Microstructures and Properties

Effect of preparing method of ZnO powders on electrical arc erosion behavior of Ag/ZnO electrical contact material

Oxidation Damage of Spark Plug Electrodes

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