Spark plasma sintering as advanced PM sintering method

Abstract

early 1990s, activities in electric eld activated sintering were boosted again and nally ended with the development of second generation of equipment. These were small units (plasma activated sintering machine) mainly for laboratory

A methodology to investigate the intrinsic effect of the pulsed electric current during the spark plasma sintering of electrically conductive powders

“…Among these, the local Joule heating at the contacts between individual particles [4,25,26] may represent a realistic explanation of the experimental results shown in this work. The small contact areas and the typical presence of oxide layers covering the aluminum particles may significantly increase the electrical resistance of the compact.…”

“…This mechanism has been reported to be particularly active in the early stage of the SPS process [4], i.e. when the sample porosity is still high.…”

“…In addition, the role of the electric current, which markedly distinguishes the SPS of electrically conducting and insulating powder, has been largely ignored. Therefore, it is not surprising that despite the large number of SPS publications (>1600) and interpretations of its mechanism (see, for example [3][4][5]), the effect of the electric current has not yet been unambiguously clarified.…”

The study of nanoporous ceramics created by spark plasma sintering

“…М.А.Ла вренть ева СО РА Н на ус та новке Sinter Land Labox 1 575. Основным отличием метода SPS от т ра диционного прессова ни я в порошковой мета ллургии является прило жение элек т рическ их импульсов непос ре д ственно к образцу, что способствует быстрому на г реву и сох ра нению мик рос т ру к т у рны х параметров порошка в консолидированном материале [7][8][9][10][11][12].…”

Nanostructured Ti Consolidated via Spark Plasma Sintering

“…In the last-two decades, SPS has emerged as an interesting consolidation approach given its reported ability to densify metal and ceramic powders fully in a short time interval, thereby helping retain the starting microstructure. [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] SPS can be grouped as one of various field activated sintering methods that are commercially available, in which a pulsed electric current is passed through the powder sample in a graphite die pressed to desired pressure between two electrodes. [18,26,27] SPS has emerged as a possible consolidation pathway for NS materials given the shorter sintering times involved, which reportedly limit the grain growth, relative to the longer time exposures typically involved in conventional methods, such as hot pressing (HP) and hot isostatic pressing.…”