Spark-Plasma Sintering of W-5.6Ni-1.4Fe Heavy Alloys: Densification and Grain Growth

Hu, Ke; Li, Xiaoqiang; Qu, Shengguan; Li, Yuanyuan

doi:10.1007/s11661-012-1454-4

Cited by 41 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…[94] During the initial stage of sintering in FAST/SPS, particle rearrangement and neck formation take place. [95] In the intermediate stage, tungsten grain boundary diffusion is enhanced by the presence of nickel during solid state sintering and, when a liquid phase is formed, the dissolution-precipitation of W grains in the viscous matrix is the dominant mechanism. Refractory metals, i.e., tantalum, [96] molybdenum, [97] ruthenium, [98] and their alloys present similar densification behavior as tungsten: [86] negligible or limited grain growth below relative densities of %90-95% and exaggerated grain growth with scarce enhancement of the final density with further temperature increment.…”

Section: Refractory Metals and Intermetallicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field‐Assisted Sintering Technology/Spark Plasma Sintering: Mechanisms, Materials, and Technology Developments

et al. 2014

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Field-assisted sintering technology/Spark plasma sintering is a low voltage, direct current (DC) pulsed current activated, pressure-assisted sintering, and synthesis technique, which has been widely applied for materials processing in the recent years. After a description of its working principles and historical background, mechanical, thermal, electrical effects in FAST/SPS are presented along with the role of atmosphere. A selection of successful materials development including refractory materials, nanocrystalline functional ceramics, graded, and non-equilibrium materials is then discussed. Finally, technological aspects (advanced tool concepts, temperature measurement, finite element simulations) are covered.

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Section: Refractory Metals and Intermetallicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field‐Assisted Sintering Technology/Spark Plasma Sintering: Mechanisms, Materials, and Technology Developments

et al. 2014

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“…With rising sintering temperature, the thermal conductivity increases due to the reasons described earlier. [28,29] The results of the Seebeck effect measurements at room temperature are shown in Figure 9. The influence of the density on the electrical conductivity is significantly higher by a factor of %68 in comparison with the thermal conductivity.…”

Section: Electronic and Thermal Transport Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐Pressure Sintering of Rhombohedral Cr₂S₃ Using Titanium–Zirconium–Molybdenum Tools

et al. 2019

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The influence of sintering parameters on the physical properties and the chemical structure of rhombohedral Cr 2 S 3 (rh-Cr 2 S 3 ) is investigated using high pressures and high temperatures. The densification of the powder is performed by applying the high-pressure field-assisted sintering technique/spark plasma sintering. Using a titanium-zirconium-molybdenum (TZM) alloy as sintering tool, it is possible to increase the magnitude of the applied pressure to several hundred MPa at temperatures as high as 1223 K. A relative density of up to 99.9% is achieved at a sintering temperature of 1223 K and a pressure of 395 MPa. The presence of phase-pure rh-Cr 2 S 3 is proven by X-ray diffraction analysis and transmission electron microscopy. The Seebeck coefficients of the self-doped samples change drastically with the sintering temperatures ranging between À650 and À350 μV K À1 . The densities and the thermal conductivities of the sintered samples increase with increasing sintering temperatures. The electrical conductivity is largely increased compared with the thermal conductivity potentially due to the current-assisted high-pressure sintering.

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“…According to the literature [109], by optimizing the sintering times of pulsed-and constant-currents on the milled W-4Ni-2Co-1Fe powders, the density, hardness, and transverse rupture strength of the sintered alloy reach 16.78 g/cm 3 , HRA 84.3, and 968 MPa, respectively. Meanwhile, W grain growth in sintering is effectively inhibited, and full density is obtained at approximately 1230 ∘ C with 5 min holding time [110,111]. Moreover, the grain growth by the SPS method can be essentially prevented [112].…”

Section: Microwave Sintering Method Microwave (Mw)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The microstructure and processing factors of the heavy alloys are the key to affect their mechanical properties. For WHAs, the main influencing factors of mechanical properties include compositions [27-33, 36-39, 83], processing type [71-73, 85, 95, 99, 103, 122, 132, 133] and temperature/time [41,43,62,76,86,97,104,105,134], tungsten grain size and shape effect [47,81,87,118], grain growth [46,82,110,112,117], interface bonding between W and matrix [80,90,114,130,131], and porosity and pore size distribution [49,83,118,124,125,127].…”

Section: Fracture Surfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress in Processing of Tungsten Heavy Alloys

Şahin

2014

Journal of Powder Technology

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Tungsten heavy alloys (WHAs) belong to a group of two-phase composites, based on W-Ni-Cu and W-Ni-Fe alloys. Due to their combinations of high density, strength, and ductility, WHAs are used as radiation shields, vibration dampers, kinetic energy penetrators and heavy-duty electrical contacts. This paper presents recent progresses in processing, microstructure, and mechanical properties of WHAs. Various processing techniques for the fabrication of WHAs such as conventional powder metallurgy (PM), advent of powder injection molding (PIM), high-energy ball milling (MA), microwave sintering (MW), and spark-plasma sintering (SPS) are reviewed for alloys. This review reveals that key factors affecting the performance of WHAs are the microstructural factors such as tungsten and matrix composition, chemistry, shape, size and distributions of tungsten particles in matrix, and interface-bonding strength between the tungsten particle and matrix in addition to processing factors. SPS approach has a better performance than those of others, followed by extrusion process. Moreover, deformation behaviors of WHA penetrator and depleted uranium (DU) Ti alloy impacting at normal incidence both rigid and thick mild steel target are studied and modelled as elastic thermoviscoplastic. Height of the mushroomed region is smaller forα=0.3and it forms sooner in each penetrator as compared to that forα=0.2.

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Spark-Plasma Sintering of W-5.6Ni-1.4Fe Heavy Alloys: Densification and Grain Growth

Cited by 41 publications

References 40 publications

Field‐Assisted Sintering Technology/Spark Plasma Sintering: Mechanisms, Materials, and Technology Developments

Field‐Assisted Sintering Technology/Spark Plasma Sintering: Mechanisms, Materials, and Technology Developments

High‐Pressure Sintering of Rhombohedral Cr₂S₃ Using Titanium–Zirconium–Molybdenum Tools

Recent Progress in Processing of Tungsten Heavy Alloys

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Spark-Plasma Sintering of W-5.6Ni-1.4Fe Heavy Alloys: Densification and Grain Growth

Cited by 41 publications

References 40 publications

Field‐Assisted Sintering Technology/Spark Plasma Sintering: Mechanisms, Materials, and Technology Developments

Field‐Assisted Sintering Technology/Spark Plasma Sintering: Mechanisms, Materials, and Technology Developments

High‐Pressure Sintering of Rhombohedral Cr2S3 Using Titanium–Zirconium–Molybdenum Tools

Recent Progress in Processing of Tungsten Heavy Alloys

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Product

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High‐Pressure Sintering of Rhombohedral Cr₂S₃ Using Titanium–Zirconium–Molybdenum Tools