Spark Plasma Sintering: Process Fundamentals

Cavaliere, Pasquale; Sadeghi, Behzad; Shabani, Ali

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-05327-7_1

Cited by 82 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The graphitization temperature (2000 °C) of the current process as observed by the pyrometer is lower compared to the conventional manufacturing process (> 2500 °C). This may be due generation of very high localized temperature due to plasma formation between the powder particles [19] during SPS. Geuntak et al [20] has also shown that the interior of SPS die is significantly hotter than the surface where temperature measurement is taken.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conversion of diamond polishing powder to high-density isotropic nano-crystalline graphite through spark plasma sintering

et al. 2020

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Conversion of diamond polishing powders into graphite nano-crystals and simultaneous densification to high-density graphite were achieved through spark plasma sintering at 2000 °C with 45 MPa pressure. The sintered graphite had a density of 1.84 g/cm 3 and hardness of 12.1 ± 0.4 HV. The phase evolution was characterized by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy revealed that the converted highdensity graphite consisted of randomly oriented nano-crystalline grains. The formed graphite was also isotropic in nature.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conversion of diamond polishing powder to high-density isotropic nano-crystalline graphite through spark plasma sintering

et al. 2020

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“…In this work, the spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique was used for the titanium-based composite manufacturing process. SPS, in detail described in [ 23 ], is a constantly developed sintering technique for rapid consolidation of powder materials in minutes as compared to several hours required for conventional sintering. SPS involves simultaneous application of compaction pressure and pulsed DC with a low voltage (up to max.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Elemental Carbon (EC) Coating Covering nc-(Ti,Mo)C Particles on the Microstructure and Properties of Titanium Matrix Composites Prepared by Reactive Spark Plasma Sintering

et al. 2021

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This paper describes the microstructure and properties of titanium-based composites obtained as a result of a reactive spark plasma sintering of a mixture of titanium and nanostructured (Ti,Mo)C-type carbide in a carbon shell. Composites with different ceramic addition mass percentage (10 and 20 wt %) were produced. Effect of content of elemental carbon covering nc-(Ti,Mo)C reinforcing phase particles on the microstructure, mechanical, tribological, and corrosion properties of the titanium-based composites was investigated. The microstructural evolution, mechanical properties, and tribological behavior of the Ti + (Ti,Mo)C/C composites were evaluated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), electron backscatter diffraction analysis (EBSD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), 3D confocal laser scanning microscopy, nanoindentation, and ball-on-disk wear test. Moreover, corrosion resistance in a 3.5 wt % NaCl solution at RT were also investigated. It was found that the carbon content affected the tested properties. With the increase of carbon content from ca. 3 to 40 wt % in the (Ti,Mo)C/C reinforcing phase, an increase in the Young’s modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness of spark plasma sintered composites was observed. The results of abrasive and corrosive resistance tests were presented and compared with experimental data obtained for cp-Ti and Ti-6Al-4V alloy without the reinforcing phase. Moreover, it was found that an increase in the percentage of carbon increased the resistance to abrasive wear and to electrochemical corrosion of composites, measured by the relatively lower values of the friction coefficient and volume of wear and higher values of resistance polarization. This resistance results from the fact that a stable of TiO2 layer doped with MoO3 is formed on the surface of the composites. The results of experimental studies on the composites were compared with those obtained for cp-Ti and Ti-6Al-4V alloy without the reinforcing phase.

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“…For consolidation of HEAs powders, conventional sintering methods are often used, which include vacuum hot pressing sintering, microwave sintering, and hot isostatic pressing. Among these, a highly promising technique for sintering and production of HEA materials is spark plasma sintering (SPS) [32][33][34]. The main difference between SPS and conventional hot pressing is that, in SPS, the current is applied as many pulses over very short times (less than milliseconds (ms)) instead of one single pulse for a long time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refractory High-Entropy HfTaTiNbZr-Based Alloys by Combined Use of Ball Milling and Spark Plasma Sintering: Effect of Milling Intensity

Шкодич

Седегов

Kuskov

et al. 2020

Metals

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For the first time, a powder of refractory body-centered cubic (bcc) HfTaTiNbZr-based high-entropy alloy (RHEA) was prepared by short-term (90 min) high-energy ball milling (HEBM) followed by spark plasma sintering (SPS) at 1300 °C for 10 min and the resultant bulk material was characterized by XRD and SEM/EDX. The material showed ultra-high Vickers hardness (10.7 GPa) and a density of 9.87 ± 0.18 g/cm³ (98.7%). Our alloy was found to consist of HfZrTiTaNb-based solid solution with bcc structure as a main phase, a hexagonal closest packed (hcp) Hf/Zr-based solid solution, and Me2Fe phases (Me = Hf, Zr) as minor admixtures. Principal elements of the HEA phase were uniformly distributed over the bulk of HfTaTiNbZr-based alloy. Similar alloys synthesized without milling or in the case of low-energy ball milling (LEBM, 10 h) consisted of a bcc HEA and a Hf/Zr-rich hcp solid solution; in this case, the Vickers hardness of such alloys was found to have a value of 6.4 GPa and 5.8 GPa, respectively.

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Spark Plasma Sintering: Process Fundamentals

Cited by 82 publications

References 12 publications

Conversion of diamond polishing powder to high-density isotropic nano-crystalline graphite through spark plasma sintering

Conversion of diamond polishing powder to high-density isotropic nano-crystalline graphite through spark plasma sintering

Influence of Elemental Carbon (EC) Coating Covering nc-(Ti,Mo)C Particles on the Microstructure and Properties of Titanium Matrix Composites Prepared by Reactive Spark Plasma Sintering

Refractory High-Entropy HfTaTiNbZr-Based Alloys by Combined Use of Ball Milling and Spark Plasma Sintering: Effect of Milling Intensity

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