“…The construction of a surrogate model of implicit function h c by using a deterministic approach, such as the meshless methods [27,28,29,30,31,32], is not adapted taking into account a possible high dimension of the space on which h c is defined. Similarly, the construction of a representation on the chaos (Gaussian or another probability measure) [33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43] would not be at all effective in our case for the same reasons related to the possible high dimension. To circumvent this difficulty, we generalize the approach proposed in [26], which consists in constructing a statistical surrogate model ĥN of h c , depending on the number N of points generated in the constrained learned set, for which its gradient has an explicit algebraic representation.…”