Spartina alterniflora and invasive Phragmites australis stands have similar greenhouse gas emissions in a New England marsh

Emery, Hollie; Fulweiler, Robinson W.

doi:10.1016/j.aquabot.2014.01.010

Cited by 62 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Characterization of CO 2 and CH 4 fluxes from marshes vegetated with invasive Phragmites and native vegetation could provide insight into potential impacts of Phragmites invasion on marsh GHG flux dynamics. However, few have performed such investigations (Emery and Fulweiler 2014), and no studies to date compare greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes from Phragmites and the high marsh native perennials (such as Spartina patens, Distichlis spicata and Juncus gerardii) that Phragmites is likely to displace as it invades from upland borders and along creek banks (Chambers et al 1999;Silliman and Bertness 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Greenhouse Gas Fluxes Vary Between Phragmites Australis and Native Vegetation Zones in Coastal Wetlands Along a Salinity Gradient

Martin

Moseman‐Valtierra

2015

Wetlands

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The replacement of native species by invasive Phragmites australis in coastal wetlands may impact ecosystem processes including fluxes of the greenhouse gases (GHGs) carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and methane (CH 4 ). To investigate differences in daytime CH 4 and CO 2 fluxes as well as vegetation properties between Phragmites and native vegetation zones along a salinity gradient, fluxes were measured via cavity ringdown spectroscopy in 3 New England coastal marshes, ranging from oligohaline to polyhaline. While daytime CH 4 emissions decreased predictably with increasing soil salinity, those from Phragmites zones were larger (15 to 1254 μmol m −2 h −1 ) than those from native vegetation (4-484 μmol m −2 h −1 ) across the salinity gradient. Phragmites zones displayed greater daytime CO 2 uptake than native vegetation zones (−7 to −15 μmol m −2 s −1 vs. -2 to 0.9 μmol m −2 s −1 ) at mesohaline-polyhaline, but not oligohaline, sites. Results suggest that vegetation zone and salinity both impact net emission or uptake of daytime CO 2 and CH 4 (respectively). Future research is warranted to demonstrate Phragmites-mediated impacts on GHG fluxes, and additional measurements across seasonal and diel cycles will enable a more complete understanding of Phragmites' net impact on marsh radiative forcing.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Greenhouse Gas Fluxes Vary Between Phragmites Australis and Native Vegetation Zones in Coastal Wetlands Along a Salinity Gradient

Martin

Moseman‐Valtierra

2015

Wetlands

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“…This was likely because CO 2 fluxes reflect greater respiratory contributions from belowground roots and rhizomes and soil microbes. CO 2 flux rates measured on Day 0 in control (0 h) treatments and on Day 1 were comparable to natural marshes, indicating that the experimental mesocosm system mimicked natural conditions (Chmura et al 2011;Emery and Fulweiler 2014;Magenheimer et al 1996). In future experiments, potential artifacts can be avoided by applying similar concentrations of unlabeled CO 2 to control treatments and by regulating incubation temperatures to better mimic environmental conditions.…”

Section: Methods Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…In tidal saltwater wetlands, respiration accounts for a large portion of gross primary production and can even exceed fixation during colder months, resulting in net efflux of CO 2 (Cornell et al 2007;Emery and Fulweiler 2014;Ferguson and Williams 1974). Yet, these systems are globally important carbon sinks (5-87 Tg C years -1 ; Chmura et al 2003;McLeod et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid cycling of recently fixed carbon in a Spartina alterniflora system: a stable isotope tracer experiment

Spivak

Reeve

2015

Biogeochemistry

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Carbon dynamics in vegetated ecosystems are influenced by plants, belowground bacteria, and their interactions. Consequently, quantifying the fate of new plant production, identifying bacterial carbon sources, and evaluating plant-microbe interactions can provide insight to carbon cycling and storage. To follow short-term carbon transformations in a Spartina alterniflora-soil system, we applied 13 C-labeled CO 2 to aboveground leaves and chased it belowground into roots and bacterial lipids. Plant mesocosms were exposed to 13 CO 2 for 0, 1, 3, or 6 h. Incorporation of 13 CO 2 by plants and soil microbes was measured immediately after the incubation (Day 0) and 24 h later (Day 1). During a 24 h period, 41-64 % of the 13 CO 2 fixed by S. alterniflora was retained in leaves, 2.7-6.4 % was transferred to roots, and 30-55 % was lost via respiration. Small fractions of 13 C assimilated by aboveground leaves were detected belowground in bacterial lipids on Day 1. Enrichment of lipids specific to sulfate reducing bacteria (10-methyl C 16:0 , cy-C 17:0 ) indicated tight coupling between aboveground plant production and belowground anaerobic metabolisms. Overall, we found that a substantial fraction of new production was returned to the atmosphere within 24 h and that belowground bacteria were tightly coupled to plant dynamics.

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“…Because CH 4 and N 2 O have global warming potentials that are 25 and 310 times greater than CO 2 over 100 years, respectively, it is necessary to consider the release of these gases for climate mitigation. Release of GHGs can be significant in marshes that experience reduced soil water salinities, changes in soil oxygen availability, and increases in anthropogenic nutrient loading (Moseman-Valtierra 2013; Adams et al 2012;Emery and Fulweiler 2014). Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 )…”

Section: Greenhouse Gasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate Regulation: Salt Marshes and Blue Carbon

Johnson¹,

Lovelock²,

Herr³

2016

The Wetland Book

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Spartina alterniflora and invasive Phragmites australis stands have similar greenhouse gas emissions in a New England marsh

Cited by 62 publications

References 36 publications

Greenhouse Gas Fluxes Vary Between Phragmites Australis and Native Vegetation Zones in Coastal Wetlands Along a Salinity Gradient

Greenhouse Gas Fluxes Vary Between Phragmites Australis and Native Vegetation Zones in Coastal Wetlands Along a Salinity Gradient

Rapid cycling of recently fixed carbon in a Spartina alterniflora system: a stable isotope tracer experiment

Climate Regulation: Salt Marshes and Blue Carbon

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