“…The most prevalent surgical treatment is that of section of the upper cervical anterior roots and the spinal accessory nerves, as intro duced by Dandy [3] in 1930. Although many patients have benefited from this procedure [6,8,10,12,[15][16][17], the results are inconsistent. Side effects include swallowing difficulties and weakness of arm raising, and there is a mortality rate from impairment of brain stem function.…”