Spatial Accessibility Analysis of Medical Facilities Based on Public Transportation Networks

Abstract

Aiming to look at the problems of the unreasonable layout of medical facilities and low coverage of primary medical services. This paper selects tertiary grade A hospitals, general hospitals, specialized hospitals, community-level hospitals, clinics, and pharmacies in the main urban areas of Chongqing as research objects. The nearest analysis, kernel density, mean center, and standard deviational ellipse method were used to analyze the spatial differentiation characteristics of medical facilities and public transportation stations. Spatial accessibility was assessed from the perspective of service area ratios and service population ratios by constructing multiple modes of transportation (pedestrian systems, bus lines, rail lines). The results show that (1) the spatial layout of medical facilities in the main urban area of Chongqing is unbalanced; and the spatial distribution of medical facilities is characterized by “large agglomeration, small dispersion” and “multi-center group”; (2) the sub-core circle is centered on the Southwest University Area in Beibei District, the University Town Area in Shapingba, the Yudong Area and Lijiatuo Area in Banan District, the Pingan Light Rail Station Area in Dadukou District, the Chongqing No. 8 Middle School Area in Jiulongpo District, the Tea Garden Area in Nanan District, and the Jiangbei Airport Area in Yubei District; (3) the medical facilities with the weakest average accessibility are tertiary grade A hospitals, and the strongest are pharmacies; (4) the areas with vital average accessibility are Yuzhong District, Shapingba District, Dadukou District, and Nanan District.

Unveiling transportation disparities: investigating accessibility gaps in metropolitan cities using GIS—a case study of Alexandria, Egypt

“…To satisfy public transportation users, prioritizing the quality of transportation services and facilities is essential. Additionally, it is necessary to incorporate modern technologies in this field to assess user needs and manage them effectively (Liu et al, 2022). Spatial analysis techniques such as ARCGIS are valuable for assessing public transportation accessibility (Gharaibeh et al, 2022).…”

Spatial equity of urban health resources for the elderly from an active-passive health perspective: A case study of central Wuhan City

“…市内部与健康相关设施上， 主要是对医疗设施 [7][8][9][10] 、 公园绿地 [11,12] 、 体育设施 [13,14] 、 社区养老 [15][16][17] 等单类型 的健康资源展开研究， 内容涉及健康资源的可达 性 [18][19][20][21] 、 公平性 [22][23][24] 、 空间优化布局 [25] 及影响机制 [26] 。 随着城市化进程加快， 城市健康资源表现出集聚 化、 多层次化的趋势。第三阶段学者们则开始关注 多层次和多样化的城市健康资源， 如姜玉培等 [27] 依 据城市用地分类和规划标准， 将南京市中心城区健 康资源分为医疗保健和康体保健两大类， 分析其空 间集聚特征； 冉钊等 [28] 和王芳等 [29] 依据健康资源功 能和作用不同， 将其分为医疗、 体育和自然三大类， 分析城市健康资源与人口的关联性和公平性。值 得关注的是， 这些学者一致认为未来需要结合社会 属性特征分析城市健康资源的供需关系。 目前针对老年健康资源的研究主要关注单类型 健康设施的可达性和公平性， 如公园 [30] 、 社区医疗 [31] 以及社区养老设施 [32] 等。也有城市尺度下多类型养 老与健康服务设施的综合研究， 如赵东霞等 [33] 从养 老设施、 医院和广场绿地 3 个方面评价大连市金州 新区养老服务设施的空间协调性程度； 李兆中等 [34] 基于国家规范标准和学术标准， 将老年服务设施界 定为社区养老设施、 医疗卫生设施、 文化教育设施 和公共活动开敞空间等。以上研究多基于设施功 能属性和标准规范划分， 并未考虑个体健康行为需 求。根据居民个体日常生活中的健康需求， 一般需 要进行被动式的健康治疗和主动式的身体活动行 为。国外研究较多关注不同群体积极或主动式休 闲行为， 如 Taylor 等 [35] 研究揭示影响青少年积极休 闲的因素； Cho 等 [36] 研究主被动休闲活动方式对老 年人生活满意度影响； Roy 等 [37] 根据需求随着教育 和健康水平变化情况， 将休闲运动划分为主动式休 闲与被动式休闲； Holt 等 [38] 分析大学生在使用绿地 过程中的关键特征， 并将两者之间的互动类型划分 为主动和被动。虽然这些研究限于休闲资源， 但是 对于主动和被动健康资源研究也有一定的启发。 国内首先提出 "主被动" 健康概念的是清华大学的 张利教授， 他认为人们把更多休闲时间投入到运动 锻炼中， 使得 "健康" 从传统的被动式的医疗服务向 现代主动式健康转移 [39] 。夏明明等 [40]…”

Analysis of Road Accessibility by Residents and Tourists to Public Hospitals in Mallorca (Balearic Islands, Spain)

“…According to the World Health Organization, universal health coverage requires health services that are equipped with an optimal combination of skills and knowledge, that are close to the community, and that are equitably distributed at the territorial level [9]. In recent decades, numerous authors have developed studies based on geospatial tools, integrated in to geographic information systems (GIS), to assess the spatial distribution and accessibility to hospital facilities, primary care services, or specialized care [10], either from a more theoretical or methodological point of view [1,[11][12][13][14][15][16]; from the point of view of planning and land use [8,17,18]; under a more focused prism in the search for spatial inequality [2][3][4][5][6]19,20]; by qualitatively assessing accessibility and/or availability [5,7,15,21,22]; or by simply making a general analysis of the state of accessibility in a given territory. The latter study type usually involves the spatial framework and is used to apply certain techniques for analyzing social inequalities or accessibility.…”