Spatial analysis for regional behavior of patients with mental disorders in Japan

Takahashi, Kunihiko; Tachimori, Hisateru; Kan, Chiemi; Nishi, Daisuke; Okumura, Yasuyuki; Kato, Naohiro; Takeshima, Tadashi

doi:10.1111/pcn.12488

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…BP and BMI are measured in the checkups, while smoking and alcohol drinking status are self-reported by questionnaires. The secondary medical area is a unit of regions which is smaller than a prefecture, but is larger than a municipality [ 20 ]. In addition, map data of Japan were obtained from a government website [ 21 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Difference in the prevalence of hypertension and its risk factors depending on area-level deprivation in Japan

Okui

Park

2022

BMC Res Notes

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Objectives Area-level deprivation is an important factor related to mortality or health behaviors; however, a study investigating differences in hypertension prevalence depending on area-level deprivation has not been conducted in Japan. We investigated differences in the prevalence of hypertension and its risk factors, i.e. obesity, smoking, alcohol consumption, and heavy alcohol drinking depending on area-level deprivation using nationwide health checkups data in 2018. Results Area-level deprivation was derived from census data. An analysis of the data by secondary medical areas revealed that the age-standardized proportions of individuals whose systolic blood pressure was ≥ 140 mmHg, those whose diastolic blood pressure was ≥ 90 mmHg, those whose body mass index was ≥ 25 or 30 kg/m2, smokers, and heavy alcohol drinkers showed an increasing trend with an increase in the deprivation level. The relative index of inequality, which can be interpreted as the ratio of the age-standardized proportion for the most deprived area compared with that for the least deprived area, was significantly greater than 1 for all proportions, except for the proportion of drinkers in women. Overall, there was a disparity in the prevalence of hypertension and its risk factors depending on area-level deprivation.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Difference in the prevalence of hypertension and its risk factors depending on area-level deprivation in Japan

Okui

Park

2022

BMC Res Notes

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“…Third, we compared the number of psychiatric admissions by prefecture between the FSMA (2016) and the 630 survey (2015) to examine the generalizability of the study results. 26 , 27 The 630 survey collects the number of “all” psychiatric admissions by prefecture, sex, age group, diagnostic group, and length of stay on June 30; however, this survey does not collect information on the status of public assistance. In this analysis, we calculated the age- and sex-standardized number of psychiatric admissions per 100,000 population using the direct method.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographical Variation in Psychiatric Admissions Among Recipients of Public Assistance

Okumura

Sakata

Tachimori

et al. 2019

Journal of Epidemiology

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Background Understanding the area-specific resource use of inpatient psychiatric care is essential for the efficient use of the public assistance system. This study aimed to assess the geographical variation in psychiatric admissions and to identify the prefecture-level determinants of psychiatric admissions among recipients of public assistance in Japan. Methods We identified all recipients of public assistance who were hospitalized in a psychiatric ward in May 2014, 2015, or 2016 using the Fact-finding Survey on Medical Assistance. The age- and sex-standardized number of psychiatric admissions was calculated for each of the 47 prefectures, using direct and indirect standardization methods. Results A total of 46,559 psychiatric inpatients were identified in May 2016. The number of psychiatric admissions per 100,000 population was 36.6. We found a 7.1-fold difference between the prefectures with the highest (Nagasaki) and lowest (Nagano) numbers of admissions. The method of decomposing explained variance in the multiple regression model showed that the number of psychiatric beds per 100,000 population and the number of recipients of public assistance per 1,000 population were the most important determinants of the number of psychiatric admissions ( R 2 = 28% and R 2 = 23%, respectively). The sensitivity analyses, using medical cost as the outcome and data from different survey years and subgroups, showed similar findings. Conclusions We identified a large geographical variation in the number and total medical cost of psychiatric admissions among recipients of public assistance. Our findings should encourage policy makers to assess the rationale for this variation and consider strategies for reducing it.

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“…Bayesian regression models have also been widely applied for the spatial statistical analysis of public health data and in particular for modelling the areal counts of diseases and illnesses (Lawson 2018;Eastwood et al 2013). Through the use of Bayesian spatial analysis, both Takahashi et al (2017) and Law and Perlman (2018) presented mental health-based epidemiologic studies of Japan and Toronto, Canada respectively. Persad (2019a) and Marco et al (2018) discuss the numerous methodological advantages of Bayesian regression methods over frequentist approaches for spatial applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatio-temporal analysis of mental illness and the impact of marginalization-based factors: a case study of Ontario, Canada

Persad¹

2020

Annals of GIS

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Mental illness is a predominant medical condition in Canada. Marginalized groups in the Canadian population such as those with low income, the poorly educated and ethnic minorities are susceptible to mental health disorders. Using mental health-related emergency department visits as an indicator of mental illness cases, we employ a Bayesian spatio-temporal regression model to estimate mental illness risk across the 35 public health units of Ontario, Canada from 2006 to 2017. The association between mental illness and the following marginalization-related factors: material deprivation, residential instability and ethnic concentration is also evaluated. Over the assessed period, the relative risk of mental illness ranged from 0.45 (95% CI: 0.44-0.46) to 3.29 (95% CI: 3.20-3.37). Health units with elevated levels of material deprivation and residential instability were positively associated with increased mental illness risk whilst areas with higher ethnic concentration were linked with lower risk. Findings showed that the temporal trend of risk continuously increased over the 11 year period, with health units in northern Ontario experiencing higher risk compared to southern units. The management of psychiatric disorders presents a significant challenge to the Canadian health-care system. An understanding of the geographic distribution of mental health risk across space and time can be useful for improved policy-making and public health monitoring.

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Spatial analysis for regional behavior of patients with mental disorders in Japan

Abstract: The current mental health medical system in Japan has been operating according to prefecture unit; thus, it may be appropriate to plan a medical system at a prefectural level.

Cited by 11 publications

References 17 publications

Difference in the prevalence of hypertension and its risk factors depending on area-level deprivation in Japan

Difference in the prevalence of hypertension and its risk factors depending on area-level deprivation in Japan

Geographical Variation in Psychiatric Admissions Among Recipients of Public Assistance

Spatio-temporal analysis of mental illness and the impact of marginalization-based factors: a case study of Ontario, Canada

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