Spatial Analysis of Ambient PM2.5 Exposure and Bladder Cancer Mortality in Taiwan

Yeh, Hsin-Ling; Hsu, Shang‐Wei; Chang, Yeun‐Chung; Chan, Ta‐Chien; Tsou, Hui-Chen; Chang, Yen‐Hsiang; Chiang, Po‐Hui

doi:10.3390/ijerph14050508

Cited by 38 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Moreover, the methylation extent was 64, 60, and 50 % among never, former, and current smokers [4]. PM 2.5 levels are higher in Southern and Central compared to Northern Taiwan [26–29]. There are many heavy industries (e.g., petrochemical plants) in these areas [27, 28, 40].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a study conducted in Taiwan, PM 2.5 was used as a proxy marker for PAHs [20]. PM 2.5 concentrations in northern Taiwan are lower than in central and southern areas [26–29]. Because PAHs are present in both PM 2.5 and cigarette smoke, AHRR (cg05575921) methylation in smokers might be comparable with that in non-smokers exposed to PM 2.5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Methylation at cg05575921 of a smoking-related gene (AHRR) in non-smoking Taiwanese adults residing in areas with different PM2.5 concentrations

et al. 2019

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Background DNA methylation is associated with cancer, metabolic, neurological, and autoimmune disorders. Hypomethylation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor (AHRR) especially at cg05575921 is associated with smoking and lung cancer. Studies on the association between AHRR methylation at cg05575921 and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) other than smoking are limited. The aim of our study was to assess the pattern of blood DNA methylation at cg05575921 in non-smoking Taiwanese adults living in areas with different PM 2.5 levels. Methods Data on blood DNA methylation, smoking, and residence were retrieved from the Taiwan Biobank dataset (2008–2015). Current and former smokers, as well as individuals with incomplete information were excluded from the current study. The final analysis included 708 participants (279 men and 429 women) aged 30–70 years. PM 2.5 levels have been shown to increase as one moves from the northern through central towards southern Taiwan. Based on this trend, the study areas were categorized into northern, north-central, central, and southern regions. Results Living in PM 2.5 areas was associated with lower methylation levels: compared with the northern area (reference area), living in north-central, central, and southern areas was associated with lower methylation levels at cg05575921. However, only methylation levels in those living in central and southern areas were significant ( β = − 0.01003, P = 0.009 and β = − 0.01480, P < 0.001, respectively. Even though methylation levels in those living in the north-central area were not statistically significant, the test for linear trend was significant ( P < 0.001). When PM 2.5 was included in the regression model, a unit increase in PM 2.5 was associated with 0.00115 ( P < 0.001) lower cg05575921 methylation levels. Conclusion Living in PM 2.5 areas was inversely associated with blood AHRR methylation levels at cg05575921. The methylation levels were lowest in participants residing in southern followed by central and north-central areas. Moreover, when PM 2.5 was included in the regression model, it was inversely associated with methylation levels at cg05575921. Blood methylation at cg05575921 (AHRR) in non-smokers might indicate different exposures to PM 2.5 and lung cancer which is a PM 2.5 -related disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13148-019-0662-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methylation at cg05575921 of a smoking-related gene (AHRR) in non-smoking Taiwanese adults residing in areas with different PM2.5 concentrations

et al. 2019

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“…As early as in the 1980s, a large number of epidemiological studies abroad have shown that PM 2.5 has obvious side effects on human health [ 118 , 119 , 120 , 121 ]. The studies in China on the relationship between PM 2.5 and human health also fully proved that PM 2.5 can cause increases in the incidence of pulmonary heart disease [ 122 ], respiratory disease [ 123 ], cardiovascular disease [ 124 ], cancer [ 125 , 126 ] and other diseases, and even the death risk [ 127 , 128 , 129 ]. Long-term exposure to ambient PM 2.5 might be an important risk factor of hypertension and is responsible for significant hypertension burden in adults in China [ 130 , 131 ], and it leads to reduced lung function [ 132 , 133 ].…”

Section: Various Impacts Of Pm 25 Pollutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Recent Advances in Research on PM2.5 in China

Lin

Zou

Wang

et al. 2018

IJERPH

175

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PM2.5 pollution has become a severe problem in China due to rapid industrialization and high energy consumption. It can cause increases in the incidence of various respiratory diseases and resident mortality rates, as well as increase in the energy consumption in heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems due to the need for air purification. This paper reviews and studies the sources of indoor and outdoor PM2.5, the impact of PM2.5 pollution on atmospheric visibility, occupational health, and occupants’ behaviors. This paper also presents current pollution status in China, the relationship between indoor and outdoor PM2.5, and control of indoor PM2.5, and finally presents analysis and suggestions for future research.

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“…The cohort studies reported uncertain correlations between bladder cancer and PM. Smith et al [ 48 ] and Yeh et al [ 22 ] found a positive association of air pollution and PM 2.5 with bladder cancer. However, Pedersen et al [ 23 ] did not find any such association in their study that included 15 population-based cohorts.…”

Section: Bladder Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Particulate Matter (Fine Particle) and Urologic Diseases

Kim

2017

Int Neurourol J

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Particulate matter (PM) has been found to damage vital body organs, including the lungs and heart, through vascular damage and oxidative stress. Recently, renal function and chronic urologic diseases have also been found to be related to PM. To investigate this, we reviewed the characteristics of PM related to renal toxicity, including recent studies on the associations of urologic diseases with PM. PM can include constituents that cause renal toxicity, such as lead, cadmium, arsenic, and crystalline silica, which result in renal tubular or interstitial damage. Since 2008, 7 studies have evaluated the renal effects of PM. Two prospective cohort studies and a quantitative study of consecutive patients showed that PM may be related to decreased renal function, as shown by the estimated glomerular filtration rate of diseased or aged participants. Two cross-sectional studies found an association between PM and chronic kidney disease. One of those studies identified the specific renal diseases of immunoglobulin A nephropathy and membranous nephropathy. Two studies that analyzed renal cancer and PM showed no evidence that renal cancer is related to PM. Nine studies were evaluated regarding the relationship of bladder and prostate cancer with PM. The evidence for an association of PM with bladder and prostate cancer is still inconclusive. Although some recently published studies have shown a significant relationship, the causal relationship is not clear. Further well-designed studies on specific renal diseases are required.

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Spatial Analysis of Ambient PM2.5 Exposure and Bladder Cancer Mortality in Taiwan

Cited by 38 publications

References 39 publications

Methylation at cg05575921 of a smoking-related gene (AHRR) in non-smoking Taiwanese adults residing in areas with different PM2.5 concentrations

Methylation at cg05575921 of a smoking-related gene (AHRR) in non-smoking Taiwanese adults residing in areas with different PM2.5 concentrations

A Review of Recent Advances in Research on PM2.5 in China

Particulate Matter (Fine Particle) and Urologic Diseases

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