Spatial Analysis of an Emission Inventory from Liquefied Natural Gas Fleet Based on Automatic Identification System Database

Abstract

Many states are actively working toward regulating CO2 emissions from a wide range of industries. However, due to the international characteristic of shipping, the emissions from shipping have not yet been strictly controlled. Using Automatic Identification System (AIS) data acquired through satellites, this study estimates the emission inventory, such as, CO2, CH4, CH4, N2O, NOx, CO and non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) around the world and bunker consumption from a liquified natural gas (LNG) fleet under the assumption that a LNG fleet uses LNG as fuel. Using position data calculated from an AIS database, we made comparisons regarding the LNG trade amount and bunker consumption of LNG fleet, as well as the total CO2 inventory and CO2 emissions from LNG fleet in the vicinity of the coasts of relevant countries. The result provides insights into (1) how the emissions and bunker consumption from LNG fleet is distributed, (2) which countries are taking relatively more advantages of LNG trade, and (3) which countries are suffering possible harmful effects.

Greenhouse Gas Emission and Their Trend Prediction Using Ais and Trade Data

“…Li et al (2016) investigated uncertainties in ship emission inventory in the Pearl River Delta region. Kim et al (2021) estimated the global LNG fleet emission inventory spatially. Woo and Im (2021) studied the gas emission inventory in Busan by bottom-up approach.…”

Spatial Analysis of the Ship Gas Emission Inventory in the Port of Busan Using Bottom-Up Approach Based on AIS Data

“…Regarding CO 2 emissions per weight-unit of cargo, the shipping industry is considered the most eco-friendly and efficient transportation system [1][2][3]. However, CO 2 emissions from shipping have reached 2.89% of worldwide CO 2 emissions [4].…”

“…Gas emissions caused by shipping have been actively analyzed by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) since 2018 in order to establish a long-term plan to manage such emissions starting in 2023 [2]. The European Union (EU) is leading efforts to control marine gas emissions.…”

“…The EU has been implementing regulations, namely monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV), for ships with over 5000 gross tonnages to report and verify CO 2 emission every year since 2015. If regulations limiting marine gas emissions are not established by the IMO by 2023, the EU plans to apply the EU emission trading system which originally proposed a cap and trade system for shipping [2].…”

“…Dongsheng et al [15] developed the first high temporal-spatial ship emission inventory in Qingdao port and its adjacent waters using the bottom-up method. Based on AIS data acquired through satellites, Kim et al [2] spatially compiled an emission inventory due to the use of of liquified natural gas worldwide.…”