Spatial Analysis of the Alcohol, Intimate Partner Violence, and HIV Syndemic Among Women in South Africa

Sileo, Katelyn M.; Sparks, Corey S.; Luttinen, Rebecca

doi:10.1007/s10461-022-03870-8

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Controlling behavior perhaps reveals an antecedent pattern that results in violence when the perpetrator perceives loss or compromised control in an intimate relationship context. The association of alcohol use by the male partner has been another consistent finding in the context of IPV experienced by women (9,11,17,18,20,22,24,26). Loss or compromised impulse control and inhibitions is a common effect of alcohol and perhaps mediates IPV though this mechanism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…However, there has been a mixed empirical relationship reported with the number of children. One study reported higher IPV prevalence among infertile women ( 8 ), while other studies have reported paradoxical effects, with higher odds of IPV in women with three or more children ( 9 , 18 ), protective effects in having one to two children ( 20 ), and no effects on IPV considering the number of living children ( 26 ). Concerning the age of the respondents, the only statistical significance was found between the age group of 25–29 years versus 15–19 years old and IPV in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The national/country-level IPV indices mask the subnational disparities ( 5 , 9 , 21 , 22 , 26 ). In this study, IPV trend analysis was conducted using the SLDHS 2013 and 2019 data.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another meta-analysis based on 25 studies from low-and middle-income countries found higher IPV prevalence in infertile women (8). Using DHS data from various countries, several studies have identified a surfeit of IPV correlates that include age, educational attainment, urban/rural residency status, employment status, household income, partner's use of alcohol, acceptance/justification of violence, role in decision-making, partner's controlling behavior, and knowledge of or exposure to parental physical violence (9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence, correlates, and trends of intimate partner violence against women in Sierra Leone: findings from 2013 and 2019 demographic and health surveys

Shaikh

2023

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundIntimate partner violence (IPV) is a globally pervasive public health and medical problem in addition to being a serious violation of women’s rights. The two-fold objectives of this study were to compute the lifetime prevalence and correlates of IPV perpetrated by current/former husbands/partners of ever-married women aged 15–49 years using the nationally representative Sierra Leone Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) conducted in 2019; ethnicity-based levels and trends of IPV were also computed using the data from the DHS conducted in 2013 along with the 2019 DHS.MethodsTwelve IPV correlates pertaining to socio-demographic, attitudinal, and experiential attributes were analyzed using logistic regression models for bivariate and multivariable analysis. IPV was computed as a composite variable comprising of physical, emotional, and/or sexual IPV.ResultsLifetime prevalence of experiencing any kind of IPV was a staggering 60.81%, whereas emotional, physical, and sexual IPV prevalence were reported by 45.90%, 49.81%, and 8.14% of the respondents, respectively. No ethnicity reported a statistically significant decrease in any type of IPV during the intervening period between the two surveys. Five out of nine ethnicities reported a statistically significant increase in emotional IPV, while few ethnicities reported a statistically significant increase in one or more types of IPV.ConclusionThe high lifetime prevalence of IPV is alarming and points to the need for targeted health promotion campaigns to reverse the tide of IPV in Sierra Leone, including focusing on changes in cultural and ethnicity-based norms and mores to ensure women’s human rights are respected and upheld.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The national/country-level IPV indices mask the subnational disparities ( 5 , 9 , 21 , 22 , 26 ). In this study, IPV trend analysis was conducted using the SLDHS 2013 and 2019 data.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence, correlates, and trends of intimate partner violence against women in Sierra Leone: findings from 2013 and 2019 demographic and health surveys

Shaikh

2023

Front. Public Health

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“…This The results of the spatial models show strong spatial clustering in IPV and undernutrition within and across the West African region. Some studies have shown spatial clustering in IPV in sub-Saharan Africa [35,36] Nigeria [37][38][39][40][41], Ghana [42], Ethiopia [30,43] and South Africa [44] but very few studies have explored the simultaneous occurrence of IPV and PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH undernutrition in similar geographic spaces. The positive linear relationship between IPV and underweight among women in some regions of Mali; all parts of Sierra Leone and Liberia and neighboring Cote d'Ivoire, Ghana, and Togo as was found in the present study could be because of common contextual/place-based socio-cultural beliefs and practices that perpetuate male dominance and limits women autonomy thus exposing women in these regions to the risk of IPV and undernutrition.…”

Section: Plos Global Public Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intimate partner violence and malnutrition among women of reproductive age in Western Africa: A geostatistical analysis

Gayawan,

Uzobo,

Ononokpono

et al. 2023

PLOS Glob Public Health

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Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a public health issue, and the experience varies among population sub-groups in Africa. In the West African sub-region, IPV perpetrated against women remains high and is exacerbated by the pertaining cultural milieu. It affects women’s health, wellbeing, and nutritional status. We examined the association between women’s lifetime experiences of physical, sexual, and emotional IPV and undernutrition by quantifying the association at smaller geographical settings in West African countries. We used a bivariate probit geostatistical technique to explore the association between IPV and undernutrition, combining data from the latest Demographic and Health Survey conducted in ten Western African countries. Bayesian inference relies on Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation. The findings demonstrate spatial clustering in the likelihood of experiencing IPV and being underweight in the regions of Mali, Sierra Leone, Liberia and neighboring Cote d’Ivoire, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Cameroon, and Nigeria. The pattern of clustering was somewhat similar when physical violence was combined with underweight and emotional violence combined with underweight. The findings also indicate protective effects of education, wealth status, employment status, urban residence, and exposure to mass media. Further, the likelihood of experiencing IPV and the likelihood of being underweight or thin declined with age and age-gap between the woman and her partner. The findings provide insight into the location-specific variations that can aid targeted interventions, and underscore the importance of empowering women holistically, in the domains of education, socio-economic and socio-cultural empowerment, in addressing women’s vulnerability to IPV and malnutrition (underweight and thinness). Furthermore, IPV prevention programmes will need to address gender inequality and cultural factors such as male dominance that may heighten women’s risk of experiencing IPV.

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Prevalence, Correlates, and Trends of Intimate Partner Violence Against Women in Cambodia: Findings From 2014 and 2021-22 Cross-Sectional Demographic and Health Surveys

Shaikh

2024

INQUIRY

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Intimate partner violence (IPV) is globally endemic and a gross violation of human rights, in addition to abuse of intimacy by some men against their female intimate partners. Based on literature review, attitudinal, socio-demographic, and experiential attributes of 15 to 49 year old ever partnered women in the heterosexual relationships were identified. This study used the anonymized 2020-21Cambodia Demographic and Health Survey (CDHS) data to compute the IPV prevalence and its correlates, in addition to computing the changes in IPV prevalence at the urban, rural, and at the national levels using data from the 2014 CDHS. Identified attitudinal, socio-demographic, and experiential attributes were used in the bivariate and multivariable analysis. Simple and multiple logistic regression models were used for computing the bivariate and multivariate associations with IPV; additionally, trend analysis was done to compute changes in IPV prevalence between the 2 surveys. Lifetime prevalence of IPV was 20.70%, while the most common subtype was emotional IPV at 18.70%. Ten out of 12 correlates studied were found to be statistically significantly associated with IPV in the bivariate analysis. These were added in the multivariable model and 7 were found to be statistically significantly associated with IPV. Which included educational attainment of women and their intimate partners, number of living children, women’s IPV acceptance, male partner’s alcohol use, knowledge of physical beating of mother by one’s father, and controlling behavior exercised by partner. During the intervening period between the 2 CDHSs, IPV and its subtypes were decreased in both urban and rural areas, as well as nationally. IPV decrease between the 2 DHSs and lower IPV rates in 2021-22 augur well for the health and human rights of Cambodian women. However, the ultimate target of eliminating IPV against women, will require measures that ensure economic and gender empowerment, and gender equality.

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Spatial Analysis of the Alcohol, Intimate Partner Violence, and HIV Syndemic Among Women in South Africa

Cited by 3 publications

References 51 publications

Prevalence, correlates, and trends of intimate partner violence against women in Sierra Leone: findings from 2013 and 2019 demographic and health surveys

Prevalence, correlates, and trends of intimate partner violence against women in Sierra Leone: findings from 2013 and 2019 demographic and health surveys

Intimate partner violence and malnutrition among women of reproductive age in Western Africa: A geostatistical analysis

Prevalence, Correlates, and Trends of Intimate Partner Violence Against Women in Cambodia: Findings From 2014 and 2021-22 Cross-Sectional Demographic and Health Surveys

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