Spatial and Global Sensory Suppression Mapping Encompassing the Central 10° Field in Anisometropic Amblyopia

Li, Jingjing; Li, Jinrong; Chen, Zidong; Liu, Jing; Yuan, Jiani; Cai, Xiaoxiao; Deng, Daming; Yu, Minbin

doi:10.1167/iovs.16-20298

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 58 publications

(107 reference statements)

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“…Patient LW, who had mild amblyopia, showed equal suppression between eyes, which is consistent with previous studies reporting positive correlations between amblyopia severity and suppression strength. [4][5][6][7][8][9] Overall, however, we did not observe significant correlations between suppression of the amblyopic eye and clinical measures of amblyopia severity. The extensive testing time required in this study limited our sample size and CFS noise contrast also varied within the amblyopic group; therefore, the correlation results should be interpreted cautiously (see Supplementary Results for further details).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 75%

“…Greater imbalances in interocular suppression are correlated with greater interocular differences in visual acuity and worse stereoacuity. [4][5][6][7][8][9] Unbalanced interocular suppression in amblyopia has been advocated as a target mechanism for binocular therapy, with the rationale that rebalancing interocular suppression may improve visual functions. [10][11][12] In animals with experimentally induced amblyopia, ocular dominance in the visual cortex favors the fellow eye, 13,14 interocular suppression appears to increase relative to binocular excitation, [15][16][17] and normal orientation matching of inputs from the two eyes are disrupted.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Orientation Tuning and Contrast Dependence of Continuous Flash Suppression in Amblyopia and Normal Vision

Gao

Ledgeway

Lie

et al. 2018

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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PURPOSE. Suppression in amblyopia may be an unequal form of normal interocular suppression or a distinct pathophysiology. To explore this issue, we examined the orientation tuning and contrast dependence of continuous flash suppression (CFS) in adults with amblyopia and visually normal controls. METHODS. Nine patients (mean age, 26.9 6 SD 4.7 years) and 11 controls (mean age, 24.8 6 SD 5.3 years) participated. In the CFS paradigm, spatially one-dimensional noise refreshing at 10 Hz was displayed in one eye to induce suppression of the other eye, and suppression strength was measured by using a grating contrast increment detection task. In experiment 1, noise contrast was fixed and the orientation difference between the noise and the grating was varied. In experiment 2, noise and grating orientations were identical and noise contrast was varied. RESULTS. Suppression patterns varied in both groups. In experiment 1, controls showed consistently orientation-tuned CFS (mean half-height bandwidth, 35.88 6 SD 21.58) with nearequal strength between eyes. Five of nine patients with amblyopia exhibited orientationindependent CFS. Eight patients had markedly unequal suppression between eyes. Experiment 2 found that increasing the noise contrast to the amblyopic eye may produce suppression of the fellow eye, but suppression remained unequal between eyes. CONCLUSIONS. Our data revealed that orientation specificity in CFS was very broad or absent in some patients with amblyopia, which could not be predicted by clinical measures. Suppression was unbalanced across the entire contrast range for most patients. This suggests that abnormal early visual experience disrupts the development of interocular suppression mechanisms.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 75%

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confidence: 99%

Orientation Tuning and Contrast Dependence of Continuous Flash Suppression in Amblyopia and Normal Vision

Gao

Ledgeway

Lie

et al. 2018

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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“…Amblyopia is a syndrome which is often described by deficits in acuity, contrast sensitivity, and stereoscopic depth perception, but also represents impairments in form perception, spatial localization, fixation, accommodation, crowding, attention, motion perception, ocular motility, and temporal processing (e.g., Asper et al, 2000 ; McKee et al, 2003 ). Visual deficits in amblyopia are usually, but not always monocular (e.g., Hamm et al, 2014 ; Hou et al, 2016 ), and generally impact the high acuity of central vision to a greater extent than peripheral vision ( Levi et al, 1984 ; Kiorpes et al, 1998 ; Hess and Pointer 1985 ; Sireteanu and Fronius, 1990 ; Levi and Walters, 1977 ; Conner et al, 2007a ; Babu et al, 2013 ; Li et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Partial correlation analysis reveals abnormal retinotopically organized functional connectivity of visual areas in amblyopia

Mendola

Lam

Rosenstein

et al. 2018

NeuroImage: Clinical

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Amblyopia is a prevalent developmental visual disorder of childhood that typically persists in adults. Due to altered visual experience during critical periods of youth, the structure and function of adult visual cortex is abnormal. In addition to substantial deficits shown with task-based fMRI, previous studies have used resting state measures to demonstrate altered long-range connectivity in amblyopia. This is the first study in amblyopia to analyze connectivity between regions of interest that are smaller than a single cortical area and to apply partial correlation analysis to reduce network effects. We specifically assess short-range connectivity between retinotopically defined regions of interest within the occipital lobe of 8 subjects with amblyopia and 7 subjects with normal vision (aged 19–45). The representations of visual areas V1, V2, and V3 within each of the four quadrants of visual space were further subdivided into three regions based on maps of visual field eccentricity. Connectivity between pairs of all nine regions of interest in each quadrant was tested via correlation and partial correlation for both groups. Only the tests of partial correlation, i.e., correlation between time courses of two regions following the regression of time courses from all other regions, yielded significant differences between resting state functional connectivity in amblyopic and normal subjects. Subjects with amblyopia showed significantly higher partial correlation between para-foveal and more eccentric representations within V1, and this effect associated with poor acuity of the worse eye. In addition, we observed reduced correlation in amblyopic subjects between isoeccentricity regions in V1 and V2, and separately, between such regions in V2 and V3. We conclude that partial correlation-based connectivity is altered in an eccentricity-dependent pattern in visual field maps of amblyopic patients. Moreover, results are consistent with known clinical and psychophysical vision loss. More broadly, this provides evidence that abnormal cortical adaptations to disease may be better isolated with tests of partial correlation connectivity than with the regular correlation techniques that are currently widely used.

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“…Previous work shows that patterns of suppression across the visual field differ in microstrabismic and anisometropic amblyopes, who show central suppression, compared to strabismic amblyopes, who show central and hemispheric suppression ( Babu, Clavagnier, Bobier, Thompson, & Hess, 2013 ; Babu, Clavagnier, Bobier, Thompson, & Hess, 2017 ; Campos, 1982 ; Chima et al., 2016 ; Gottlob, Charlier, & Reinecke, 1992 ; Hallden, 1982 ; Herzau, 1980 ; Jampolsky, Flom, Weymouth, & Moses, 1955 ; Joosse, Simonsz, van Minderhout, de Jong, Noordzij, & Mulder, 1997 ; Joosse, Simonsz, van Minderhout, Mulder, & de Jong, 1999 ; Li et al., 2017 ; Mehdorn, 1989 ; Pratt-Johnson & Tillson, 1983 ; Sireteanu & Fronius, 1981 ; Sireteanu, Fronius, & Singer, 1981 ; Travers, 1938 ). Interocular suppression depth measured for increment (white) luminance stimuli was measured as greater than that for decrement (black) luminance stimuli in strabismic participants ( Chima et al., 2016 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interocular ND filter suppression: Eccentricity and luminance polarity effects

2020

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The depth and extent of interocular suppression were measured in binocularly normal observers who unilaterally adapted to neutral density (ND) filters (0, 1.5, 2, and 3 ND). Suppression was measured by dichoptically matching sectors of a ring presented to the adapted eye to a fixed contrast contiguous ring presented to the non-adapted eye. Other rings of alternating polarity were viewed binocularly. Rings were defined by luminance (L), luminance with added dynamic binary luminance noise (LM), and contrast modulating the same noise (CM). Interocular suppression depth increased with increasing ND, nearing significance (p = 0.058) for 1.5 ND. For L and LM stimuli, suppression depth across eccentricity (±12°visual field) differed for luminance increment (white) versus luminance decrement (black) stimuli, potentially confounding eccentricity results. Suppression for increment-only (white) luminance stimuli was steeper centrally and extended across the visual field, but was deeper for L than for LM stimuli. Suppression for decrement-only (black) luminance stimuli revealed only central suppression. Suppression was deeper with CM than LM stimuli, suggesting that CM stimuli are extracted in areas receiving predominantly binocular input which may be more sensitive to binocular disruption. Increment (white) luminance stimuli demonstrate deeper interocular suppression in the periphery than decrement (black) stimuli, so they are more sensitive to changes in peripheral suppression. Asymmetry of suppression in the periphery for opposite polarity luminance stimuli may be due to interocular receptive field size mismatch as a result of dark adaptation separately affecting ON and OFF pathways. Clinically, measurement of suppression with CM stimuli may provide the best information about post-combination binocularity.

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Spatial and Global Sensory Suppression Mapping Encompassing the Central 10° Field in Anisometropic Amblyopia

Cited by 8 publications

References 58 publications

Orientation Tuning and Contrast Dependence of Continuous Flash Suppression in Amblyopia and Normal Vision

Orientation Tuning and Contrast Dependence of Continuous Flash Suppression in Amblyopia and Normal Vision

Partial correlation analysis reveals abnormal retinotopically organized functional connectivity of visual areas in amblyopia

Interocular ND filter suppression: Eccentricity and luminance polarity effects

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