Spatial and spatiotemporal patterns of typhoid fever and investigation of their relationship with potential risk factors in Iran, 2012–2017

Masinaei, Masoud; Eshrati, Babak; Yaseri, Mehdi

doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2019.113432

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The observed superiority of interaction type IV lends support to the findings of a similar small-area study watching other infection dynamics [57]. On the other side, interaction type I considers an unstructured spacetime relationship.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…At the end of 2019, we introduced the so-called Infrastructure-to-Household Size Ratio (IHSR) [57], a continuous measure indicating the mean housing space per household member in districts of Iran. We believe IHSR has an advantage over typical indicators (like household size, house size, room per capital) in measuring the house crowdedness by differentiating districts with quite intimate features.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimating The Seasonally Varying Effect of Climatic Factors On The District-Level Incidence of Acute Watery Diarrhea Among Under-Five Children of Iran, 2014-2018: A Bayesian Hierarchical Spatiotemporal Model

Masinaei

2021

Preprint

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Background Under-five years old acute watery diarrhea (U5AWD) accounts for most diarrheal diseases' burden due to rotavirus infection. It is claimed that many climatic and socioeconomic factors are associated with U5AWD. However, little information is available about the occurrence of U5AWD in Iran and the adjusted effect of potential determinants. Methods We collected a dataset containing the seasonal numbers of U5AWD cases at the district level of Iran through MOHME. We calculated the district level Standardized Incidence Ratio and Moran's I values to detect the significant clusters of U5AWD over sixteen seasons from 2014 to 2018. In addition, we examined twelve Bayesian hierarchical models to recognize the strongest in predicting the seasonal number of incidents. Results Iran has many hotspots of U5AWD, especially in southeast areas. An extended spatiotemporal model with seasonally varying coefficients and space-time interaction outperformed other models, becoming our proposal in modeling U5AWD. Temperature had a global positive relationship with seasonal U5AWD in districts (IRR: 1.0497, 95% CrI: 1.0254–1.0748), due to its varying effects in winter (IRR: 1.0877, 95% CrI: 1.0408–1.1375) and fall (IRR: 1.0866, 95% CrI: 1.0405–1.1357) seasons. Also, elevation (IRR: 0.9997, 95% CrI: 0.9996–0.9998), piped drinking water (IRR: 0.9948, 95% CrI: 0.9933–0.9964), public sewerage network (IRR: 0.9965, 95% CrI: 0.9938–0.9992), years of schooling (IRR: 0.9649, 95% CrI: 0.944–0.9862), Infrastructure-to-Household Size Ratio (IRR: 0.9903, 95% CrI: 0.986–0.9946), wealth index (IRR: 0.9502, 95% CrI: 0.9231–0.9781) and urbanization (IRR: 0.9919, 95% CrI: 0.9893–0.9944) of districts were negatively associated with seasonal U5AWD incidence. Conclusions The development of specific alert systems could be a strategy to predict high-risk areas of U5AWD using climatic inputs. Also, the study anticipates a higher incidence of U5AWD in districts with weaker hygiene and socioeconomic status. Therefore, policymakers should take appropriate preventive actions in such areas.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating The Seasonally Varying Effect of Climatic Factors On The District-Level Incidence of Acute Watery Diarrhea Among Under-Five Children of Iran, 2014-2018: A Bayesian Hierarchical Spatiotemporal Model

Masinaei

2021

Preprint

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“…Infectious diseases generally have distribution characteristics of spatial autocorrelation (Adham et al 2020;Masinaei et al 2020;Ding et al 2021). Spatial autocorrelation embodies the distribution law of the agglomeration or dispersion of infectious diseases on the spatial level, which is of great significance to the stage analysis and situation prediction of diseases (Zhang et al 2019;Mao et al 2020).…”

Section: Exploratory Spatial Data Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatio-temporal characteristics and control strategies in the early period of COVID-19 spread: a case study of the mainland China

Ning

Chu

Liu

et al. 2021

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…In 2017, there were reports that around 14,300,000 individuals had an enteric fever, which comprises typhoid and paratyphoid fevers, and approximately one out of every 100 of them had died. Approximations of the 2017 worldwide Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) resulting from S. typhi infections were placed at about 8.4 million with approximately 116,814 mortalities based on information provided by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) (Masinaei et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validity and Reliability of Typhoid Risk Factors Questionnaire (TRFQ) in Gombe Metropolis, Gombe State, Nigeria

Tawfiq¹,

Shohaimi²,

Nadzir³

et al. 2022

JST

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Typhoid poses a significant threat to human health, particularly in Africa and Asia, where the disease continues to be endemic. Typhoid caused approximately 8.4 million disability-adjusted life-years worldwide in 2017, with 116,814 deaths. While vaccinations effectively eradicate the endemic infection, limited resources frequently constrained vaccination strategies. Thus, an understanding of the risks associated with typhoid would aid in implementing targeted interventions. In many states of Nigeria, including Gombe, data on typhoid risk factors are unavailable. This study aimed to develop and validate a questionnaire on typhoid risk factors in the Gombe Metropolis. The questionnaire items were based on previously published questionnaires on typhoid and localized typhoid risk factors. After obtaining ethical approval, the drafted instrument was pilot tested among a small population and checked for readability. The questionnaire’s content validity was checked using Fleiss’ Multi-rater kappa, while internal consistency and test-retest reliability were checked using Cronbach’s alpha and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), respectively. The questionnaire validation results revealed that the instruments’ readability was easy, content validity with Fleiss’ kappa value of 0.623 was good, internal consistency with Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.720 and McDonald’s omega of 0.703, and test-retest reliability with an ICC estimate of 0.736 was good. The questionnaire was valid and reliable for collecting data on typhoid risk factors in Gombe State, Nigeria, to develop targeted health interventions and guide the Government’s resource prioritization and allocation decisions for efficient disease control.

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Spatial and spatiotemporal patterns of typhoid fever and investigation of their relationship with potential risk factors in Iran, 2012–2017

Cited by 15 publications

References 33 publications

Estimating The Seasonally Varying Effect of Climatic Factors On The District-Level Incidence of Acute Watery Diarrhea Among Under-Five Children of Iran, 2014-2018: A Bayesian Hierarchical Spatiotemporal Model

Estimating The Seasonally Varying Effect of Climatic Factors On The District-Level Incidence of Acute Watery Diarrhea Among Under-Five Children of Iran, 2014-2018: A Bayesian Hierarchical Spatiotemporal Model

Spatio-temporal characteristics and control strategies in the early period of COVID-19 spread: a case study of the mainland China

Validity and Reliability of Typhoid Risk Factors Questionnaire (TRFQ) in Gombe Metropolis, Gombe State, Nigeria

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