Spatial and Temporal Analysis on the Distribution of Active Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) Tracking Accuracy with the Kriging Method

Abstract

Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology has already been applied in a number of areas to facilitate the tracking process. However, the insufficient tracking accuracy of RFID is one of the problems that impedes its wider application. Previous studies focus on examining the accuracy of discrete points RFID, thereby leaving the tracking accuracy of the areas between the observed points unpredictable. In this study, spatial and temporal analysis is applied to interpolate the continuous distribution of RFID tracking accuracy based on the Kriging method. An implementation trial has been conducted in the loading and docking area in front of a warehouse to validate this approach. The results show that the weak signal area can be easily identified by the approach developed in the study. The optimum distance between two RFID readers and the effect of the sudden removal of readers are also presented by analysing the spatial and temporal variation of RFID tracking accuracy. This study reveals the correlation between the testing time and the stability of RFID tracking accuracy. Experimental results show that the proposed approach can be used to assist the RFID system setup process to increase tracking accuracy.

A Coordinated Approach for Supply-Chain Tracking in the Liquefied Natural Gas Industry

“…The RFID system usually contains two main components: Readers and tags. RFID readers acquire the information from tags based on radio wave communications between tags and antennas on the readers [24]. Once the tags of interest have been located within the detecting range of readers, the Identities of these tags can be received and related information regarding the tagged objects can be identified.…”

“…Once the tags with known locations were obtained as reference tags, the measured location of the target tag could be calibrated by the RSSI responses from those tags through the determined relationship. Further studies on the potential affections of radio signal interference and positioning improvement in such s testing scenario can be referenced to researchers' further works [24,52]. Figure 11.…”

“…Then, integrated tracking solutions were developed to allow for efficient SCM on a construction site [22] and a storage yard of a prefabricated plant [23]. Asset tracking during the stages of shipping and building maintenance were also investigated [3,24]. However, limited studies have been conducted on LNG projects considering the total supply-chain perspective, which refers to all stages of materials tracking in off-site manufacturing, transportation, and site logistics.…”

A Low-Cost Collaborative Location Scheme with GNSS and RFID for the Internet of Things

“…Reference tags and matrix deployment are the mainstream deployment pattern. In the reference tags model, the position of reference tags needs to be carefully designed [27]; their coordinates need to be pre-measured. Virtual reference tags, as the variant method, need a dynamically and robustly coordinate generation algorithm for the virtual tags [8].…”

“…Depending on the communication among adjacent tags and virtually dense deployment, higher location accuracy is achieved. However, the position of the neighboring physical reference tags and the number of virtual reference tags need to be carefully designed [27].…”