Spatial and temporal changes in the Barents Sea pelagic compartment during the recent warming

Eriksen, Elena; Skjoldal, Hein Rune; Gjøsæter, Harald; Primicerio, Raul

doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2016.12.009

Cited by 111 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Capelin schools appear to be able to forage down the zooplankton biomass in an area in a matter of 3-4 d (Hassel et al 1991) and the capelin form density-dependent migratory waves that move out from the central distribution area as the zooplankton prey are depleted locally (Fauchald et al 2006). The finding that top-down effects on copepods are stronger in central and northern than in southwestern Barents Sea is consistent with previous analyzes and with the location of the main feeding areas of capelin (Gjøsaeter 1998, Eriksen et al 2017.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…We find strongest statistical support for copepod effects on capelin at age 2 years. A relatively weak association between capelin growth and krill biomass variations is possibly related to the bulk of the krill biomass being south of the main summer feeding areas of capelin (Eriksen et al 2017), which may also explain why estimates of top-down effects by capelin on krill are uncertain. Uncertain estimates of copepod effects on capelin at ages 0 and 1 are likely caused by uncertain capelin lengths at age 0 (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Predator‐prey interactions cause apparent competition between marine zooplankton groups

Stige

Kvile

Bogstad

et al. 2018

Ecology

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Predator-mediated apparent competition is an indirect negative interaction between two prey species mediated by a shared predator. Quantifying such indirect ecosystem effects is methodologically challenging but important for understanding ecosystem functioning. Still, there are few examples of apparent competition from pelagic marine environments. Using state-space statistical modeling, we here provide evidence for apparent competition between two dominant zooplankton groups in a large marine ecosystem, i.e., krill and copepods in the Barents Sea. This effect is mediated by a positive association between krill biomass and survival of the main planktivorous fish in the Barents Sea, capelin Mallotus villosus, and a negative association between capelin and copepod biomasses. The biomass of Atlantic krill species is expected to increase in the Barents Sea due to ongoing climate change, thereby potentially negatively affecting copepods through apparent competition. By demonstrating and quantifying apparent competition in a large marine ecosystem, our study paves the way for more realistic projections of indirect ecosystem effects of climate change and harvesting.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predator‐prey interactions cause apparent competition between marine zooplankton groups

Stige

Kvile

Bogstad

et al. 2018

Ecology

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“…The Norwegian Sea and Barents Sea ecosystems are affected by climate variability and change (Drinkwater, 2011;Loeng & Drinwater, 2007), and substantial changes in both these ecosystems were observed in the early 2000s (Eriksen, Skjoldal, Gjøsaeter, & Primicerio, 2017;Fossheim et al, 2015). The updates of the long time-series for From 2005, the temperature increases to higher values than previously seen, for example during the warm 1930s (Toresen & Østvedt, 2000), while the spawning stock biomass levels off and subsequently decreases (Figure 2).…”

Section: Spawning Stock Recruitment and Oceanographic Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…The Norwegian Sea and Barents Sea ecosystems are affected by climate variability and change (Drinkwater, ; Loeng & Drinwater, ), and substantial changes in both these ecosystems were observed in the early 2000s (Eriksen, Skjoldal, Gjøsæter, & Primicerio, ; Fossheim et al, ). The updates of the long time‐series for Norwegian spring‐spawning herring demonstrate a radical shift in the relationship between temperature and development of the herring stock in response to warming as part of the on‐going climate fluctuations and possible changes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sudden change in long‐term ocean climate fluctuations corresponds with ecosystem alterations and reduced recruitment in Norwegian spring‐spawning herring (Clupea harengus, Clupeidae)

et al. 2019

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Fish stocks vary in abundance. The causes behind the fluctuations may be difficult to determine, especially ones caused by natural fluctuations, but long‐term data series may provide indications of the mechanisms. Assessments show that the recruitment to the Norwegian spring‐spawning herring (Clupea harengus, Clupeidae) has remained low since 2004, a year which produced the last really rich year‐class. Long time‐series of estimated recruitment and mean winter temperature in the ocean showed a significant positive correlation for the period 1921–2004. Here, we show that this positive correlation did not continue from 2005 onwards as the winter temperature increased to high levels while herring recruitment decreased and has remained low. The density of zooplankton in the drift route of the herring larvae dropped significantly after 2004, and their centre of gravity shifted northwards. There may currently be heavy predation on the larvae by Atlanic mackerel (Scomber scombrus, Scombridae), and top‐down regulation is suggested to hamper successful recruitment. Our analysis indicates that the presence of food and overlap with high food concentrations are likely important regulators of survival in herring larvae. The findings may be important for future management and planning of fisheries of this stock because recruitment failure may continue if temperature remains high and food abundance remains low.

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“…During the 14 years of the BESS, we have obtained a better understanding of the ecosystem components and processes and knowledge has been documented in more than 200 scientific papers and 13 survey reports. During this period, many changes in the ecosystem have been documented, including changes in fish community structure , functional diversity of fish (Wiedmann et al, 2014), food web structure (Kortsch et al, 2015;Dolgov, 2016) and productivity (Eriksen et al, 2017). ICES working groups on integrated ecosystem assessment for the Barents Sea (WGIBAR) and the Arctic Ocean (WGICA, established 2016) mainly use the BESS-data, stock assessment data, and 3-D physical and ecological modeling to describe the status of the ecosystem, and based this longterm time series and knowledge, they try to explain current changes and predict further development of the ecosystem.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From single species surveys towards monitoring of the Barents Sea ecosystem

Eriksen

Gjøsæter

Prozorkevich

et al. 2018

Progress in Oceanography

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A B S T R A C TThe Barents Sea, a large, high-latitude shelf sea, has been monitored and investigated for more than a century. More than 1800 occasional expeditions have been organized both by Norway and Russia, and since the1960s the collaboration between the Institute of Marine Research (IMR, Bergen) and the Knipovich Polar Research Institute of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography (PINRO, Murmansk) has been strengthened by developing and carrying out joint surveys. Monitoring changes in the Barents Sea fish stocks and collecting information needed for stock assessments and advice for fisheries management were the driving forces behind the increased effort spent on marine research. This triggered the development of sampling and observation methodology, the design of scientific research vessels for using various equipment and gear, and the development of new technologies for processing several types of samples. Increased data collection generated a need for the development of complex database systems and software that, could analyze larger data sets. Joint large-scale monitoring over the last 50 years, together with joint management of living marine resources during the last 20 years, resulted in high stock biomasses of commercially important fish stocks and thus the successful development of fisheries in the Barents Sea. Here, we describe the development of Barents Sea monitoring from single species (or fishery) surveys that were focused on target species/groups to integrated ecosystem surveys that aim to describe the status and main changes in the Barents Sea ecosystem.

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Spatial and temporal changes in the Barents Sea pelagic compartment during the recent warming

Cited by 111 publications

References 70 publications

Predator‐prey interactions cause apparent competition between marine zooplankton groups

Predator‐prey interactions cause apparent competition between marine zooplankton groups

Sudden change in long‐term ocean climate fluctuations corresponds with ecosystem alterations and reduced recruitment in Norwegian spring‐spawning herring (Clupea harengus, Clupeidae)

From single species surveys towards monitoring of the Barents Sea ecosystem

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