Spatial and temporal characteristics of Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR): an update

Kane, R. P.

doi:10.1590/s0102-261x2008000200009

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Among these, TSI is almost constant (often called 'Solar Constant'). Hence, the variations of terrestrial weather and climate should have a considerable contribution from the space and time variations of OLR (Kane 2008). So it is understandable that enhanced TIR emission, i.e., thermal anomaly will also be reflected in anomalous OLR.…”

Section: Yamnotri Earthquake (M W 51) Indiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Anomalous land surface temperature and outgoing long-wave radiation observations prior to earthquakes in India and Romania

et al. 2011

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Cumulative stress energy in an earthquake preparation zone under operating tectonic force manifests various observable signs of the impending earthquake, i.e., earthquake precursors. This energy transformation may result in enhanced transient thermal infrared (TIR) emission, which can be detected through satellites equipped with thermal sensors like AVHRR (NOAA), MODIS (Terra/Aqua). This paper presents observations made using NOAA-AVHRR data-derived land surface temperature (LST) and outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR) values in case of two moderate earthquakes (22 July 2007, Yamnotri earthquake, India and 27 October 2004, Vrancea earthquake, Romania) using anomalous TIR signals as reflected in LST rise and high OLR values can be seen conspicuously and following similar growth pattern spatially and temporally. In both the cases, data analysis revealed a transient thermal infrared rise in LST ranging 5-10°C around epicentral areas. The thermal anomalies started developing about 7-8 days prior to the main event depending upon the magnitude and focal depth and disappeared after the main shock. Similarly, the OLR values *30-45 W/m 2 higher than the normal were observed 7-8 days prior to the main event. The rise in LST can be attributed to enhanced greenhouse gas emission from the squeezed rock pore spaces and/or to the activation of p-holes in stressed rock volume and their further recombination at rock-air interface. OLR is temperature and humidity dependent, and any change in these variables may be responsible for anomalous OLR values.

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Section: Yamnotri Earthquake (M W 51) Indiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Anomalous land surface temperature and outgoing long-wave radiation observations prior to earthquakes in India and Romania

et al. 2011

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“…The analysis of ground surface parameters prior to earthquakes in different areas revealed that temperature rise occurred in a large area around the epicenter and its vicinity several months to a week before the onset of the earthquake (Cervone et al, 2006;Tronin et al, 2002, Tronin et al, 2004Pulinets et al, 2006;Xiong et al, 2010). Furthermore, significant anomalies in outgoing long-wave radiation were observed (Gruber et al, 1984;Ouzounov et al, 2007;Rawat et al, 2011;Kane, 2008;Zhang et al, 2017). Among the atmospheric parameters, the concentrations of CO 2 , CH 4, and other gases increased in the seismic breeding zone prior to the earthquake due to underground gas overflow within this region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation of Thermal Infrared Brightness Temperature Anomalies in the Madoi Earthquake and Associated Earthquakes in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (China)

Yang

Tie-bao

et al. 2022

Front. Earth Sci.

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We processed MODIS data received from ground receiving stations into the spatial range of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (China) and the eastern margin of the plateau, and then 283 K was set as the threshold value to remove the area covered by clouds. The monthly background field was calculated based on 17 years’ data, then we obtained the spatial Brightness Temperature anomaly of the current month by deducting the background field. Furthermore, the Brightness Temperature anomaly curves for secondary tectonic blocks in the plateau were calculated. The data indicated that since June 2020, the Brightness Temperature radiation within the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau began to increase abnormally, starting from the western part of the study area and expanding eastward to cover the entire plateau. In January 2021, such an anomaly was seen again, extending to the Sichuan-Yunnan Block in the easternmost part of the study area in april. With the ongoing anomaly, a series of moderate and strong earthquakes occurred in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, and finally, on 22 May 2021, the M7.4 earthquake struck the Madoi County. Moreover, according to the internal Brightness Temperature time series curves of the different secondary tectonic blocks, the Brightness Temperature has increased simultaneously since the beginning of 2020. A twofold standard deviation was found in the middle-east segment of the Bayanhar Block and the Qiangtang Block in October 2020, and an almost twofold standard deviation was found in March, while a twofold standard deviation was found in the Sichuan-Yunnan Block in april 2021. The occurrence of earthquakes in the plateau before the Madoi earthquake coincided with an upward trend of the time series curve. The spatial anomaly of Brightness Temperature over the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau disappeared and the Brightness Temperature time series curve dropped drastically after the Madoi earthquake. The development of spatial anomaly of Brightness Temperature and the time series curve both coincide with the occurrence of earthquakes and are consistent with the generation of tectonic stress in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Our study showed that thermal infrared Brightness Temperature radiation reasonably reflects regional stress development and enables the detection of anomalies prior to moderate and strong earthquakes.

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“…These events are ocean-atmosphere interaction phenomena associated with changes in climatological patterns of SST (Sea Surface Temperature), trade winds, surface pressure (Rasmusson and Carpenter, 1982;Kousky, 1984), and emission of longwave radiation by the ocean in the Equatorial Pacific region (Kane, 2008), thus changing the energy balance of the energy transformations that occur in the atmosphere-land-ocean system (Wallace and Hobbs, 2006). The El Niño episodes produce anomalous heat and water vapor fluxes into the tropical Pacific Ocean and the atmosphere.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Analysis of the Energetics of Tropical and Extra-Tropical Regions for Warm ENSO Composite Episodes

Sátyro

Veiga

2017

Rev. bras. meteorol.

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This study focuses on the quantification and evaluation of the effects of ENSO (El Niño Southern Oscillation) warm phases, using a composite of five intense El Niño episodes between 1979 -2011 on the Energetic Lorenz Cycle for four distinct regions around the globe: 80°S -5°N (region 1), 50°S -5°N (region 2), 30°S -5°N (region 3), and 30°S -30°N(region 4), using Data from NCEP reanalysis-II. Briefly, the results showed that zonal terms of potential energy and kinetic energy were intensified, except for region 1, where zonal kinetic energy weakened. Through the analysis of the period in which higher energy production is observed, a strong communication between the available zonal potential and the zonal kinetic energy reservoirs can be identified. This communication weakened the modes linked to eddies of potential energy and kinetic energy, as well as in the other two baroclinic conversions terms. Furthermore, the results indicate that for all the regions, the system itself works to regain its stable condition. Keywords: atmospheric energetics, Lorenz Cycle, ENSO, El Niño. Uma Análise da Energética de Regiões Tropicais e Extra-Tropicais para um Composto de Episódios Quentes de ENOS ResumoEste estudo foca na quantificação e avaliação dos efeitos da fase quente de eventos ENOS (El Niño -Oscilação Sul), utilizando um composto de cinco intensos episódios de El Niño entre 1979 -2011, no Ciclo Energético Lorenz por quatro regiões distintas ao redor do globo: 80°S -5°N (domínio 1), 50°S -5°N (domínio 2), 30°S -5°N (domínio 3), e 30°S -30°N (domínio 4), utilizando os Dados do NCEP -Reanálise 2. Resumidamente, os resultados mostraram que termos zonais de energia potencial e energia cinética foram intensificadas, com exceção da região 1, onde a energia cinética zonal enfraqueceu. Através da análise do período em que é observada maior produção de energia, observa-se uma forte comunicação entre os reservatórios de energia potencial disponível zonal e energia cinética zonal. Esta comunicação enfraqueceu o modo associado à perturbação de energia potencial e cinética, bem como nos outros dois termos conversões baroclínicas. Além disso, os resultados indicam que, para todas as regiões, o sistema funciona para recuperar o seu estado estável. Palavras-chave: energética atmosférica, Ciclo de Lorenz, ENSO, El Niño.

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Spatial and temporal characteristics of Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR): an update

Cited by 4 publications

References 17 publications

Anomalous land surface temperature and outgoing long-wave radiation observations prior to earthquakes in India and Romania

Anomalous land surface temperature and outgoing long-wave radiation observations prior to earthquakes in India and Romania

Variation of Thermal Infrared Brightness Temperature Anomalies in the Madoi Earthquake and Associated Earthquakes in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (China)

An Analysis of the Energetics of Tropical and Extra-Tropical Regions for Warm ENSO Composite Episodes

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