Spatial and temporal characteristics of visual motion perception involving V5 visual cortex

d'Alfonso, Alfredo A.L; Honk, E.J. van; Schutter, Dennis J.L.G.; Caffé, A.R.; Postma, Albert; Haan, Edward H.F. de

doi:10.1179/016164102101199891

Cited by 21 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…When interfering with V5 using TMS, we found an early (∼50 msec) decrease of 2AFC performance when fast moving stimuli were processed and a later decrease (∼80 msec) with slow moving stimuli. No interference with the processing of static stimuli was found by V5-TMS in any of the tested SOAs, confirming the role of V5 for the processing of motion signals (Sack et al, 2006;d'Alfonso et al, 2002;Walsh et al, 1998;Hotson et al, 1994;Beckers & Hömberg, 1992). Interestingly, the early V5-TMS-induced decrease of 2AFC performance in the fast motion trials did not correlate with a change in motion awareness as revealed by subjective motion rating scales, whereas the later decrease in the slow motion trials was significantly correlated with a change in motion awareness.…”

Section: Evidence For Segregated Motion Input Into V5 As a Function Osupporting

confidence: 71%

“…One of the most prominent visual areas in the processing of motion signals is a relatively small portion of extrastriate visual cortex, area MT/ V5. In monkeys, lesions to this area lead to severe impairments in motion direction discrimination (Newsome & Pare, 1988;Newsome, Wurtz, Dürsteler, & Mikami, 1985), and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of this area in humans results in transient impairments of motion processing (Sack, Kohler, Linden, Goebel, & Muckli, 2006;d'Alfonso et al, 2002;Walsh, Ellison, Battelli, & Cowey, 1998;Hotson, Braun, Herzberg, & Boman, 1994;Beckers & Hömberg, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Decoupling of Early V5 Motion Processing from Visual Awareness: A Matter of Velocity as Revealed by Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Grasso

Làdavas

Bertini

et al. 2018

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

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Motion information can reach V5/MT through two parallel routes: one conveying information at early latencies through a direct subcortical route and the other reaching V5 later via recurrent projections through V1. Here, we tested the hypothesis that input via the faster direct pathway depends on motion characteristics. To this end, we presented motion stimuli to healthy human observers at different velocities (4.4°/sec vs. 23°/sec) with static stimuli as controls while applying transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) pulses over V5 or V1. We probed for TMS interference with objective (two-alternative forced choice [2AFC]) and subjective (awareness) measures of motion processing at six TMS delays from stimulus onset (poststimulus window covered: ∼27-160 msec). Our results for V5-TMS showed earlier interference with objective performance for fast motion (53.3 msec) than slow motion (80 msec) stimuli. Importantly, TMS-induced decreases in objective measures of motion processing did correlate with decreases in subjective measures for slow but not fast motion stimuli. Moreover, V1-TMS induced a temporally unspecific interference with visual processing as it impaired the processing of both motion and static stimuli at the same delays. These results are in accordance with fast moving stimuli reaching V5 through a different route than slow moving stimuli. The differential latencies and coupling to awareness suggest distinct involvement of a direct (i.e., colliculo-extrastriate) connection bypassing V1 depending on stimulus velocity (fast vs. slow). Implication of a direct pathway in the early processing of fast motion may have evolved through its behavioral relevance.

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Section: Evidence For Segregated Motion Input Into V5 As a Function Osupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decoupling of Early V5 Motion Processing from Visual Awareness: A Matter of Velocity as Revealed by Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Grasso

Làdavas

Bertini

et al. 2018

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

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“…This is primarily because the range of SOAs at which TMS was delivered simply did not extend to both critical periods found in the present study, and/or the sampling of SOAs was too coarse to reveal the performance drop. Nonetheless, three previous studies also found two periods during which TMS of V5/MT impaired the ability to discriminate translational global motion direction (d’Alfonso et al. , 2002; Sack et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Temporal characteristics of global motion processing revealed by transcranial magnetic stimulation

Stevens

McGraw

Ledgeway

et al. 2009

Eur J of Neuroscience

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The ability to detect the motion of objects is critical to survival, and understanding the cortical mechanisms involved in this process remains a key challenge in sensory neuroscience. A relatively new approach to this problem is to temporarily disrupt processing at specific cortical sites and measure the behavioural consequences. Several previous studies have shown that transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of human visual area V5/MT disrupts global motion perception, but reports vary widely in the timescale of this effect. To resolve this issue we employed psychophysical techniques to investigate how discrimination of translational, rotational and radial global motion is affected by TMS. Prior to applying TMS we established baseline coherence thresholds for global motion perception. Adopting each observer's coherence level at threshold we examined how TMS delivered to V5/MT modulated performance. Importantly, we measured the influence of single-pulse TMS over a broad temporal range to reveal the fine temporal structure of the disruption profile for global motion perception. Results show that the disruption profile consisted of two distinct epochs during which global direction judgments were reliably impaired, separated by an interval in which performance was unaffected. The bimodal nature of the distribution profiles is consistent with feedforward and feedback processing between visual areas mediating global motion processing. We present a novel quantitative model that characterizes the contribution of each process to visual motion perception.

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“…In addition, it has been widely used as a tool for studying the underlying neural circuits involved in motion processing and a number of TMS studies have shown that interfering with the normal activity of the V5/MT area significantly affects motion perception (Beckers & Homberg, 1992;Campana, Cowey, & Walsh, 2002, Campana, Cowey, & Walsh, 2006d'Alfonso et al, 2002;Hotson & Anand, 1999;Laycock, Crewther, Fitzgerald, & Crewther, 2007;Ruzzoli, Marzi, & Miniussi, 2010;Sack, Kohler, Linden, Goebel, & Muckli, 2006;Stevens, McGraw, Ledgeway, & Schluppeck, 2009). Despite methodological differences in the various TMS studies, there is agreement about defining two cortical windows of activation of V5/MT in visual motion processing (d'Alfonso et al, 2002;Laycock et al, 2007;Sack et al, 2006;Stevens et al, 2009): an early activation beginning approximately 60 ms prior to stimulus presentation and a late temporal window of activation beginning approximately 130 ÷ 150 ms after stimulus presentation (Stevens et al, 2009). In the first experiment of the present study, we varied the time window in which repetitive TMS (rTMS) was delivered over V5/MT, either before or after the appearance of the Enigma figure in order to define the temporal window in which perception of the Enigma illusion could be affected.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The neural basis of the Enigma illusion: A transcranial magnetic stimulation study

et al. 2011

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The aim of this study was to test the role of the visual primary (V1) and the middle temporal area (V5/MT) in the illusory motion perception evoked by the Enigma figure. The Enigma figure induces a visual illusion that is characterized by apparent rotatory motion in the presence of a static figure. By means of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) we show that V5/MT is causally linked to the illusory perception of motion. When rTMS was applied bilaterally over V5/MT just prior to presentation of the Enigma figure, the perception of illusory motion was disrupted for approximately 400 ms resulting in a delayed illusion onset. In contrast, rTMS applied over V1 did not have any effect on the illusory perception of motion. These results show that V5/MT, a visual cortical area associated with real motion perception, is also important for the perception of illusory motion, while V1 appears not to be functionally involved in illusory motion perception.

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Spatial and temporal characteristics of visual motion perception involving V5 visual cortex

Cited by 21 publications

References 13 publications

Decoupling of Early V5 Motion Processing from Visual Awareness: A Matter of Velocity as Revealed by Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Decoupling of Early V5 Motion Processing from Visual Awareness: A Matter of Velocity as Revealed by Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Temporal characteristics of global motion processing revealed by transcranial magnetic stimulation

The neural basis of the Enigma illusion: A transcranial magnetic stimulation study

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