Spatial and temporal dynamics of irrigation water quality under drought conditions in a large reservoir in Southern Portugal

Tomaz, Alexandra; Palma, Patrícia; Fialho, Sofia; Lima, Ana; Alvarenga, Paula; Potes, Miguel; Salgado, Rui

doi:10.1007/s10661-019-8048-1

Cited by 26 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The least correlated variables were EC and hydraulic conductivity ( Mandal et al, 2008 ). Another study by Tomaz et al (2020) explained 73.9% of the total variance in three PCA axes. In PCA1, salinity showed the highest correlation while nutrient contents were highly associated with PCA2.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…After applying the Scree test and considering principal components with eigenvalues >1, the principal components were maintained. The factor loadings were graded as “strong”, “moderate,” and “weak,” corresponding to absolute loading values of >0.75, 0.75–0.50, and 0.50–0.30, respectively ( Tomaz et al, 2020 ). The results were expressed in terms of mean and standard deviation values.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of irrigation suitability potential of brewery effluent post treated in a pilot horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland system: implications for sustainable urban agriculture

Alayu

Leta

2021

Heliyon

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The use of untreated or partially treated wastewater reuse for urban and peri-urban agricultural irrigation is a common practice in developing countries like Ethiopia. Such practices, however, pose significant environmental and public health risks. The objective of this study was to evaluate the irrigation suitability of anaerobic digestion brewery effluent (ADBE) and two-stage horizontal subsurface constructed wetland post-treated ADBE (CWPBE). A series of pot experiments were conducted in a plastic - greenhouse system arranged in three sets of irrigation schemes: Treatment Group1 (TG1): municipal pipe tap water (MPTW) irrigated pots; Treatment Group2 (TG2): ADBE irrigated pots, and Treatment Group3 (TG3): CWPBE irrigated pots. Pots packed with the same amount of sandy clay loam soil and local tomato seeds sown were irrigated following an updated tomato irrigation schedule derived from the FAO CROPWAT stimulation model for 120 days. The findings from key irrigation water quality parameters showed that the CWPBE achieved the prescribed irrigation water standards with values of pH (7.4 ± 0.15), electrical conductivity (1.9 ± 0.11 dS.m −1 ), total suspended solids (25 ± 4.17 mgL -1 ), chemical oxygen demand (185.1 ± 1.66 mgL -1 ), total nitrogen (17.4 ± 0.7 mgL -1 ), total phosphorous (8.8 ± 0.26 mgkg -1 ), calcium (10.5 ± 3.6 mgkg -1 ), magnesium (4.9 ± 0.98 mgkg -1 ), sodium (4.4 ± 1.51 mgkg -1 ), potassium (2.3 ± 1.15 mgkg -1 ), sodium adsorption ratio (1.6 ± 0.34), and total coliform (8 ± 0.16×10 −5 CFU/100 mL). Moreover, tomato plants grown in TG3 attained higher growth such as number of leaves (85.6 ± 4.68), plant height (92.2 ± 1.29 cm), stem diameter (13.1 ± 2.35 cm) and leaf area (35.5 ± 1.03 cm 2 ) as well as higher biomass (61.2 ± 1.33 kgm −2 ) and fruit (46.4 ± 3.51 kgm −2 ) yields over other treatment groups. The results revealed that irrigation waters significantly improved both growth and yield parameters of tomato plants with the ascending order of TG1 < TG2 < TG3. Moreover, CWPBE showed minima short-term residual effect on soil physicochemical properties as compared to ADBE, and thus, it has potential suitability for agricultural irrigation reuse.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of irrigation suitability potential of brewery effluent post treated in a pilot horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland system: implications for sustainable urban agriculture

Alayu

Leta

2021

Heliyon

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“…Studies carried out in the water and sediments of this reservoir have reported ecotoxicological risk to aquatic organisms, induced mostly by pesticide and metal pollution, an increment over time of organic matter and nutrients in the water body, and of trace elements in the sediments [58][59][60][61]. More recently, a temporal trend of degradation in water quality for irrigation was reported [11,12], that could be attributed to the expansion of the irrigation area, with the concomitant intensification of agriculture, and to the increase of drier conditions resulting from climate change. These studies pointed to a potential increased risk of soil infiltration problems and of salinity-induced yield reductions in sensitive crops, especially in drought years, and during periods of high atmosphere evaporative demands.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The Mn site was selected to ensure representativeness of the reservoir area. Mr and Lf sites were chosen considering previous results for the reservoir water quality assessment [12,58].…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Assessment of Irrigation-Related Soil Salinization and Sodification in Mediterranean Areas

Tomaz

Palma

Fialho

et al. 2020

Water

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Salinization and sodification are important processes of soil degradation affecting irrigated lands. A large proportion of the global irrigated area is affected by some degree of soil salinity or sodicity caused by the intensification of irrigation. The increase of the frequency of adverse climatic conditions, like high temperatures and variations in precipitation patterns caused by climate change, will potentially amplify these processes in arid, semi-arid, and Mediterranean areas. The use of integrated approaches for the spatial and temporal prediction of the risk of salinization and sodification in irrigated areas is of great value, helping in the decision-making regarding land uses and choice of more suitable agricultural practices. In this study, based on key criteria for the assessment of irrigation-related salinization processes (e.g., climate, topography, soil drainage, water quality for irrigation, and crop irrigation method), we developed a methodology for the prediction of soil salinity and sodicity risk in irrigated lands, using two composite indices, the Salinization Risk (RSA) index and the Sodification Risk (RSO) index. The application of these indices to a real scenario (a Mediterranean area in Southern Portugal) showed that 67% of the potentially irrigated area presented a low risk of salinity development, 68% had a moderate risk of sodification, and 16% was of high risk of sodicity development. Areas under moderate risk of salinization (26%) were mostly characterized by low slopes and fine-textured soils, like Luvisols and Vertisols, with limited drainage conditions. Areas with high risk of soil sodification presented a large incidence of low slope terrain, moderate-to-restricted soil drainage, in high clay content Luvisols, Vertisols and Cambisols, and land use dominated by annual crops irrigated with surface or sprinkler systems. These risk prediction tools have the potential to be used for resource use planning by policymakers and on-farm management decision by farmers, contributing to the sustainability of irrigated agriculture in Mediterranean regions.

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“…Climate change and its consequences, global warming and altered rainfall pattern and intensity, are among the major challenges on our planet worldwide (IPCC, ; Trenberth, ). There is now a strong consensus that arid and semiarid regions are the most vulnerable to and are even already affected by climate change and its consequences such as desertification, soil degradation, and drying of surface aquifers (Connor, Schwabe, King, & Knapp, ; Tomaz et al, ). In such regions, the consumption of groundwater will most likely become imbalanced and withdrawal of groundwater exceeds its recharge that in turn negatively impacts the groundwater table and its quality indices (Bouaroudj et al, ; Qadir & Oster, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The vulnerability of calcareous soils exposed to Mg‐enriched irrigation water

2020

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Due to imbalanced groundwater withdrawal, Mg concentration has relatively increased in the majority of irrigation waters in arid and semiarid regions, which may negatively affect soil properties and productivity. Therefore, this study was aimed at understanding to what extent varying Ca to Mg ratios in the calcareous soil solution alter the ratio on the exchangeable sites. To do so, four calcareous soils were equilibrated with eight Ca to Mg ratios and then the relative adsorption of Ca and Mg ions on the exchangeable sites and the CEC of soil samples were measured using a modified silver-thiourea method. To quantitatively explain our observations, we used the Gaines-Thomas equation, and its parameters were independently derived from the dissolution/precipitation reactions of carbonate minerals. Our results showed that among Ca and Mg, the one that had the lowest concentration in the soil solution was preferably adsorbed at exchangeable sites. The modeling results indicated that Ca and Mg ions are adsorbed with wide ranges of adsorption energies, which on the macroscopic scale are interpreted as ion preference. Ion pair formation of Ca and Mg with Cl in the soil solution had no significant effect on their surface reactions. In addition, modeling indicated that at high Ca or Mg concentration, the surface species stoichiometry may gradually change from bidentate to monodentate to accommodate more ions. Thus, it can be concluded that by application of Mg-enriched irrigation water the risk for Mg accumulation in calcareous soils is highly increased which in turn increases the risk for soil degradation and indirectly for soil sodification. K E Y W O R D S imbalanced Ca to Mg ratio, ion exchange, silver thiourea, soil degradation, soil exchangeable sites, water quality 1 | INTRODUCTION Climate change and its consequences, global warming and altered rainfall pattern and intensity, are among the major challenges on our planet worldwide (IPCC, 2018; Trenberth, 2011). There is now a strong consensus that arid and semiarid regions are the most vulnerable to and are even already affected by climate change and its consequences such as desertification, soil degradation, and drying of surface aquifers (Connor, Schwabe, King, & Knapp, 2012; Tomaz et al., 2020). In such regions, the consumption of groundwater will most likely become imbalanced and withdrawal of groundwater exceeds its recharge that in turn negatively impacts the groundwater table and its quality indices (Bouaroudj et al., 2019; Qadir & Oster, 2004). Salinity and sodicity are the principal agricultural water quality concerns in arid and semiarid regions (Qadir, Schubert, Ghafoor, & Murtaza, 2001). Application of saline and/or sodic irrigation water induces land degradation that in turn decreases soil productivity (Vyshpolsky et al., 2008). Besides these concerns, recent reports of groundwater analysis indicate an ongoing important shift in the ionic

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Spatial and temporal dynamics of irrigation water quality under drought conditions in a large reservoir in Southern Portugal

Cited by 26 publications

References 40 publications

Evaluation of irrigation suitability potential of brewery effluent post treated in a pilot horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland system: implications for sustainable urban agriculture

Evaluation of irrigation suitability potential of brewery effluent post treated in a pilot horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland system: implications for sustainable urban agriculture

Risk Assessment of Irrigation-Related Soil Salinization and Sodification in Mediterranean Areas

The vulnerability of calcareous soils exposed to Mg‐enriched irrigation water

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