Spatial and temporal dynamics of blue agave (<i>Agave</i><i>tequilana</i> Weber var. azul) wilt in Jalisco Mexico

Rubio‐Ríos, José Ramón; Guzmán-Plazola, Remigio A.; Ayala‐Escobar, Victoria; Rubio-Cortés, Ramón

doi:10.1111/jph.12794

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 13 publications

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“…In the short term, the production of mezcal benefits from the control over genetic variability and homogeneous phenotypes that vegetative propagation offers. Nevertheless, clonal propagation has also discouraged the breeding of new varieties and may increase the susceptibility of the cultivated plants to different diseases and pests, as previously noted in agaves (Fucikovsky, 2001; Dalton, 2005; Ramírez‐Ramírez et al, 2017; Rubio‐Ríos et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic analysis unveils reduced genetic variability but increased proportion of heterozygotic genotypes of the intensively managed mezcal agave, Agave angustifolia

Klimova

Mondragón

Aguirre‐Planter

et al. 2023

American J of Botany

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PremiseThe central Oaxaca Basin has a century‐long history of agave cultivation, and it is hypothesized to be the region of origin of other cultivated crops. Widely cultivated for mezcal production, the perennial crop known as “espadín” is putatively derived from wild Agave angustifolia. Nevertheless, little is known about its genetic relationship to the wild A. angustifolia or how the decades‐long clonal propagation has affected its genetics.MethodsUsing RADseq and over 8,000 SNPs, we studied aspects of the population genomics of wild and cultivated A. angustifolia in Puebla and Oaxaca, Mexico. We assessed patterns of genetic diversity, inbreeding, distribution of genetic variation, and differentiation among and within wild populations and plantations.ResultsGenetic differentiation between wild and cultivated plants was strong, and both gene pools harbored multiple unique alleles. Nevertheless, we found several cultivated individuals with high genetic affinity with wild samples. Higher heterozygosity was observed in the cultivated individuals, while in total, they harbored considerably fewer alleles and presented higher linkage disequilibrium compared to the wild plants. Independently of geographic distance among sampled plantations, the genetic relatedness of the cultivated plants was high, suggesting a common origin and prevalent role of clonal propagation.ConclusionsThe considerable heterozygosity found in “espadín” is contained within a network of highly related individuals, displaying high linkage disequilibrium generated by decades of clonal propagation and possibly by the accumulation of somatic mutations. Wild A. angustifolia, on the other hand, represents a significant genetic diversity reservoir that should be carefully studied and conserved.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic analysis unveils reduced genetic variability but increased proportion of heterozygotic genotypes of the intensively managed mezcal agave, Agave angustifolia

Klimova

Mondragón

Aguirre‐Planter

et al. 2023

American J of Botany

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Asexually propagated Agave tequilana var. azul exhibits variation in genetic markers and defence responses to Fusarium solani

et al. 2022

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Agave (Agave tequilana Weber var. azul) is considered a crop with low genetic diversity because it has been propagated vegetatively for centuries for commercial purposes, and consequently, it could be equally susceptible to pests and diseases. However, the present study employs plant material derived from field grown plants exhibiting phenotypic variability in susceptibility to agave wilt. The offshoots from rhizomes of these plants were reproduced in vitro and classified as potentially resistant or susceptible. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis confirmed wide genetic differences among individuals, but these differences were not correlated with the observed phenotypic variability in resistance. Propagated plantlets were inoculated with Fusarium solani in two time-lapse confrontations for 72 h and 30 days. The early biochemical response showed statistically superior levels in the accumulation of shikimic acid, phenolic compounds, and chitinase activity in potentially resistant plantlets. There was an inverse correlation of these early biochemical responses and salicylic acid and the incidence of diseased root cells in isogenic plantlets in the 30-day confrontation with F. solani, suggesting that these activities and accumulation of molecules were primordial in the defence against this pathogen.

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Agave Wilt Susceptibility by Reduction of Free Hexoses in Root Tissue of Agave tequilana Weber var. azul Commercial Plants in the Fructan Accumulation Process

Mantilla-Blandon,

Mancilla-Margalli,

Molina-Montes

et al. 2024

IJMS

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Agave tequilana stems store fructan polymers, the main carbon source for tequila production. This crop takes six or more years for industrial maturity. In conducive conditions, agave wilt disease increases the incidence of dead plants after the fourth year. Plant susceptibility induced for limited photosynthates for defense is recognized in many crops and is known as “sink-induced loss of resistance”. To establish whether A. tequilana is more prone to agave wilt as it ages, because the reduction of water-soluble carbohydrates in roots, as a consequence of greater assembly of highly polymerized fructans, were quantified roots sucrose, fructose, and glucose, as well as fructans in stems of agave plants of different ages. The damage induced by inoculation with Fusarium solani or F. oxysporum in the roots or xylem bundles, respectively, was recorded. As the agave plant accumulated fructans in the stem as the main sink, the amount of these hexoses diminished in the roots of older plants, and root rot severity increased when plants were inoculated with F. solani, as evidence of more susceptibility. This knowledge could help to structure disease management that reduces the dispersion of agave wilt, dead plants, and economic losses at the end of agave’s long crop cycle.

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Spatial and temporal dynamics of blue agave (Agavetequilana Weber var. azul) wilt in Jalisco Mexico

Cited by 3 publications

References 13 publications

Genomic analysis unveils reduced genetic variability but increased proportion of heterozygotic genotypes of the intensively managed mezcal agave, Agave angustifolia

Genomic analysis unveils reduced genetic variability but increased proportion of heterozygotic genotypes of the intensively managed mezcal agave, Agave angustifolia

Asexually propagated Agave tequilana var. azul exhibits variation in genetic markers and defence responses to Fusarium solani

Agave Wilt Susceptibility by Reduction of Free Hexoses in Root Tissue of Agave tequilana Weber var. azul Commercial Plants in the Fructan Accumulation Process

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