Spatial and temporal ecological diversity amongst eocene primates of france: Evidence from teeth

Ramdarshan, Anusha; Garcia, Géraldine; Marivaux, Laurent

doi:10.1002/ajpa.21638

Cited by 23 publications

(42 citation statements)

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“…Microwear patterns for this taxon show a high number of pits (Np = 37) and total number of microwear features (Ns = 29; Ls = 59.35; Nws = 1; Nlp = 3), making these patterns similar to those of extant insect-eaters [58], [61]. Results derived from the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) are plotted in Figure 10.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It followed a strict casting protocol, designed to maximize image quality [55], [56]. This study follows the procedures described in Ramdarshan et al [57], [58]. Photos were taken at 100 x using an optical stereomicroscope (Leica M 205C) connected to a camera (Leica DFC 420C).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All dietary categories (Leaf-eaters, Insect-eaters, Fruit-eaters, and Gum-eaters) were considered as grouping factors in the discriminant analysis. These dietary categories have been shown to be statistically different in previous studies [58], [61]. The LDA matrix was analyzed with R-3.0.1 (R Development Core Team [62]).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Djebelemur, a Tiny Pre-Tooth-Combed Primate from the Eocene of Tunisia: A Glimpse into the Origin of Crown Strepsirhines

et al. 2013

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BackgroundMolecular clock estimates of crown strepsirhine origins generally advocate an ancient antiquity for Malagasy lemuriforms and Afro-Asian lorisiforms, near the onset of the Tertiary but most often extending back to the Late Cretaceous. Despite their inferred early origin, the subsequent evolutionary histories of both groups (except for the Malagasy aye-aye lineage) exhibit a vacuum of lineage diversification during most part of the Eocene, followed by a relative acceleration in diversification from the late Middle Eocene. This early evolutionary stasis was tentatively explained by the possibility of unrecorded lineage extinctions during the early Tertiary. However, this prevailing molecular view regarding the ancient origin and early diversification of crown strepsirhines must be viewed with skepticism due to the new but still scarce paleontological evidence gathered in recent years.Methodological/Principal FindingsHere, we describe new fossils attributable to Djebelemur martinezi, a≈50 Ma primate from Tunisia (Djebel Chambi). This taxon was originally interpreted as a cercamoniine adapiform based on limited information from its lower dentition. The new fossils provide anatomical evidence demonstrating that Djebelemur was not an adapiform but clearly a distant relative of lemurs, lorises and galagos. Cranial, dental and postcranial remains indicate that this diminutive primate was likely nocturnal, predatory (primarily insectivorous), and engaged in a form of generalized arboreal quadrupedalism with frequent horizontal leaping. Djebelemur did not have an anterior lower dentition as specialized as that characterizing most crown strepsirhines (i.e., tooth-comb), but it clearly exhibited a transformed antemolar pattern representing an early stage of a crown strepsirhine-like adaptation (“pre-tooth-comb”).Conclusions/SignificanceThese new fossil data suggest that the differentiation of the tooth-comb must postdate the djebelemurid divergence, a view which hence constrains the timing of crown strepsirhine origins to the Middle Eocene, and then precludes the existence of unrecorded lineage extinctions of tooth-combed primates during the earliest Tertiary.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Djebelemur, a Tiny Pre-Tooth-Combed Primate from the Eocene of Tunisia: A Glimpse into the Origin of Crown Strepsirhines

et al. 2013

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“…Omomyids were small-bodied, generally nocturnal primates, similar to living galagids, dwarf and mouse lemurs in morphology and locomotor adaptations (Gunnell and Rose, 2002), with insectivorous or frugivorous diets (Tornow, 2008;Ramdarshan et al, 2012). The subfamily Microchoerinae is exclusively recorded from Europe, ranging primarily from the Early to Late Eocene, with some genera (Pseudoloris, Microchoerus) lasting into the Early Oligocene in the Iberian Peninsula (K€ ohler and Moy a- Sol a, 1999;Pel aez-Campomanes, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New material of Pseudoloris parvulus (Microchoerinae, Omomyidae, Primates) from the Late Eocene of Sossís (northeastern Spain) and its implications for the evolution of Pseudoloris

Minwer‐Barakat

Marigó

Femenias-Gual

et al. 2015

Journal of Human Evolution

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The species Pseudoloris parvulus, identified in several Middle and Late Eocene European sites, was previously known in the Iberian Peninsula by a single mandible preserving P4-M3 from Sossís (Southern Pyrenean Basins, northeastern Spain), described in the 1960s. Further field work at this Late Eocene site has led to the recovery of a large number of mammal remains, including the additional material of P. parvulus described in this paper. Some specimens of P. parvulus from this locality have also been recently found in the collections of the Naturhistorisches Museum Basel, Switzerland. The whole sample consists of 11 mandible fragments including several teeth, three upper dental series and nearly 80 isolated teeth including all of the dental elements, and represents the most complete sample of the genus described from the Iberian Peninsula. This abundant material allows us to provide an emended diagnosis for the species and to observe several directional changes in the dental morphology of the lineage including the species Pseudoloris saalae, Pseudoloris isabenae, Pseudoloris pyrenaicus and P. parvulus. These directional changes include the progressive reduction of the paraconid in the lower molars and the increase in size of the hypocone, metaconule and paraconule in the upper molars. Moreover, despite the overall resemblance among all of the samples ascribed to P. parvulus, we also recognize some differences, particularly an increase in size and better development of the hypocone from the oldest populations of the species, such as Le Bretou, to the most recent ones, like Sossís and Perrière. Therefore, this study sheds new light on the evolution of this genus, which inhabited Europe from the Middle Eocene to the Early Oligocene.

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“…Recent works dealing with European Eocene primates have focused on the description of new material (Hooker, 2007; Hooker, 2012; Hooker & Harrison, 2008; Marigó, Minwer-Barakat & Moyà-Solà, 2011; Marigó, Minwer-Barakat & Moyà-Solà, 2013; Gebo, Smith & Dagosto, 2012; Gebo et al, 2015; Minwer-Barakat, Marigó & Moyà-Solà, 2012; Minwer-Barakat et al, 2013; Femenias-Gual et al, 2015), the revision of previous taxonomic assignations (Minwer-Barakat, Marigó & Moyà-Solà, 2013; Minwer-Barakat, Marigó & Moyà-Solà, 2016; Marigó et al, 2014) and the establishment of relationships between different taxa (Smith, Rose & Gingerich, 2006; Marigó, Minwer-Barakat & Moyà-Solà, 2010; Marigó, Minwer-Barakat & Moyà-Solà, 2013; Minwer-Barakat et al, 2017), with some exceptions focused on the diet (Ramdarshan, Merceron & Marivaux, 2012), the locomotor behaviour (Marigó et al, 2016) and the endocranial anatomy (Ramdarshan & Orliac, 2016) of several species. However, only a few contributions have been published regarding European primates from the early Eocene, recently including the revision of Agerinia roselli from Les Saleres and the description of the new species Agerinia smithorum from Casa Retjo-1 (Femenias-Gual et al, 2016a and Femenias-Gual et al, 2016b, respectively).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agerinia marandati sp. nov., a new early Eocene primate from the Iberian Peninsula, sheds new light on the evolution of the genus Agerinia

Femenias-Gual

Minwer‐Barakat

Marigó

et al. 2017

PeerJ

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BackgroundThe Eocene was the warmest epoch of the Cenozoic and recorded the appearance of several orders of modern mammals, including the first occurrence of Euprimates. During the Eocene, Euprimates were mainly represented by two groups, adapiforms and omomyiforms, which reached great abundance and diversity in the Northern Hemisphere. Despite this relative abundance, the record of early Eocene primates from the European continent is still scarce and poorly known, preventing the observation of clear morphological trends in the evolution of the group and the establishment of phylogenetic relationships among different lineages. However, knowledge about the early Eocene primates from the Iberian Peninsula has been recently increased through the description of new material of the genus Agerinia from several fossil sites from Northeastern Spain.MethodsHere we present the first detailed study of the euprimate material from the locality of Masia de l’Hereuet (early Eocene, NE Spain). The described remains consist of one fragment of mandible and 15 isolated teeth. This work provides detailed descriptions, accurate measurements, high-resolution figures and thorough comparisons with other species of Agerinia as well with other Eurasian notharctids. Furthermore, the position of the different species of Agerinia has been tested with two phylogenetic analyses.ResultsThe new material from Masia de l’Hereuet shows several traits that were previously unknown for the genus Agerinia, such as the morphology of the upper and lower fourth deciduous premolars and the P2, and the unfused mandible. Moreover, this material clearly differs from the other described species of Agerinia, A. roselli and A. smithorum, thus allowing the erection of the new species Agerinia marandati. The phylogenetic analyses place the three species of Agerinia in a single clade, in which A. smithorum is the most primitive species of this genus.DiscussionThe morphology of the upper molars reinforces the distinction of Agerinia from other notharctids like Periconodon. The analysis of the three described species of the genus, A. smithorum, A. marandati and A. roselli, reveals a progressive change in several morphological traits such as the number of roots and the position of the P1 and P2, the molarization of the P4, the reduction of the paraconid on the lower molars and the displacement of the mental foramina. These gradual modifications allow for the interpretation that these three species, described from the early Eocene of the Iberian Peninsula, are part of a single evolutionary lineage. The stratigraphical position of Masia de l’Hereuet and Casa Retjo-1 (type locality of A. smithorum) and the phylogenetic analyses developed in this work support this hypothesis.

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Spatial and temporal ecological diversity amongst eocene primates of france: Evidence from teeth

Cited by 23 publications

References 72 publications

Djebelemur, a Tiny Pre-Tooth-Combed Primate from the Eocene of Tunisia: A Glimpse into the Origin of Crown Strepsirhines

Djebelemur, a Tiny Pre-Tooth-Combed Primate from the Eocene of Tunisia: A Glimpse into the Origin of Crown Strepsirhines

New material of Pseudoloris parvulus (Microchoerinae, Omomyidae, Primates) from the Late Eocene of Sossís (northeastern Spain) and its implications for the evolution of Pseudoloris

Agerinia marandati sp. nov., a new early Eocene primate from the Iberian Peninsula, sheds new light on the evolution of the genus Agerinia

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