Spatial and temporal fluctuation of rainfall and drought in Balochistan province, Pakistan

Rafiq, Muhammad; Li, Yue Cong; Cheng, Yafang; Rahman, Ghani; Ullah, Ikram; Ali, A.

doi:10.1007/s12517-022-09514-4

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…It exhibits ve physiographic zones i.e. upper and lower highlands; plains, and deserts (Abbas et al, 2018;Ra q et al, 2022). Mountain ranges of Koh-e-Sulaiman, Tobak Kakari, Murdar, Zarghoon, Takatu, and Chiltan are also found.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Documenting the wild edible plant’s resources used by Pushtoons, Balochis and Brahvis as survival strategy in the arid Province of Balochistan, NW Pakistan

Kousar

Khan²,

Abbas

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The current paper elaborates the wild edible plants’ (WEPs) diversity, and associated traditional knowledge among three ethnic groups of Balochistan Province, Pakistan. The field trips were carried out in 2018-2020 employing purposive sampling techniques for respondents. We used open ended semi-structured interviews for data collection. A total of 195 interviews reported 140 plant species in 44 families and 105 genera. Family Brassicaceae (10.17%) showed maximum representation along with Asteraceae (10%), and Apiaceae (6.42%). Eight (8) used categories were determined i.e. eaten fresh (47 spp. 33.57%), as vegetable (46 spp., 32.85%), vegetable and salad (15 spp, 10.71%), salad (14 spp, 10%), beverages only (8 spp, 5.71%), and flavor (7 spp, 5%). Leaves (54 spp., 38.57%) were the most used part followed by fruits (44 spp, 31.42%), tubers (13, 9.28%), bulb (11, 7.8% species), whole plant (8, 5.7%), flowers (4, 2.8%), seeds (4, 2.8), shoots (3, 2.14) young stem (2, 1.42). Seventy five (75) species (53.57%) were cited for mutual utilization and the rest 65 (46.42%) were used differently. Pashtuns hold comparatively significant traditional knowledge and exclusively utilize 44 (31.42%) plant species. Similarly, the Pushtoons and Balochis were sharing considerable species i.e. 13 (9.28%). Jaccard index (JI) discovered that 92 plant species were reported for the first time from the province as WEPs for instance Ferula costata, F. oopoda, Ferula assa-foetida, Allium zhobicum, Asphodelus tenuifolius, and Menoicus linifolius etc. Effect of age, gender and was observed in addition to inter-cultural knowledge heterogeneity. Several geo-climatic changes and anthropogenic factors are causing the fragmentation of existing knowledge. The promotion of these WEPs as crops would underpin the food security and socioeconomic development in the region.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Documenting the wild edible plant’s resources used by Pushtoons, Balochis and Brahvis as survival strategy in the arid Province of Balochistan, NW Pakistan

Kousar

Khan²,

Abbas

et al. 2023

Preprint

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show abstract

“…In the above (Long et al, 2020). Due to these repercussions a notable modification is detected in length of seasons particularly the summer are enlarging while winter season is condensing and alter with spatial-temporal context (Rafiq et al, 2022). Decadal representation of temperature data shows that monthly temperature is rising, while in regions near Tianshan mountains range, severe cold months such as Jan., Feb., Nov, and Dec has been recorded.…”

Section: Seasonal Analysis Of Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Spatio-temporal Fluctuation of Temperature Using Specific Climate Indices in South Xinjiang, China

Khan¹,

Zhao²,

Khan³

et al. 2023

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Temperature and precipitation are significant variables that can be used to determine the climatic variability in a region. This research study has focused on temperature, which is significant for the study of climatic variability over a long period in an area. The temperature has been assessed spatially and temporally in South Xinjiang, China using various climate indices. The temporal data about the temperature of seventeen meteorological stations were acquired from the Chinese Meteorology Administration (CMA) from 1980 to 2018. The Mann-Kendall (MK) trend test and Sen’s Slope (SS) statistical models were used to quantify the magnitude and temporal trend. The monthly and seasonal analysis of temperature reveals a significant increasing trend in mean maximum, mean minimum and average temperatures in the study area. The Sen’s Slope test results indicate an increasing monthly and seasonal temperature trend in almost all meteorological stations. The increasing trend in temperature is mainly due to the desert type of climate of the region that is gradually further aggravating with every passing year. This increasing temperature trend will smoothen the way for perpetual drought in the region in the future. Therefore, this research would be beneficial for future planning and management of water resources in the region and for making preventive measures to mitigate the impacts of climate change in the study area.

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“…It will increase the threat of drought particularly in the arid regions of Pakistan, like the Baluchistan Province [ 25 ]. The province has already experienced serious droughts in 1967–1969, 1971, 1973–75, 1994, and 1998–2002, and all of which have caused severe impacts on the economy and people of the province [ 26 , 27 ]. The extended 1998–2002 drought affected 80% of the crop plants, cause decrease in crop production and death of two million livestock [ 28 , 29 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of regional meteorological aridity and drought characteristics in Baluchistan province, Pakistan

Rafiq,

Cong Li,

Cheng

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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Droughts and prevailing arid conditions have a significant impacts on the natural environment, agriculture, and human life. To analyze the regional characteristics of drought in Baluchistan province, the aridity index (AI) and standardized potential evapotranspiration index (SPEI) were used in. The study analyzed the rainfall, temperature, and potential evapotranspiration (PET) data and the same were used for the calculation of AI as well as SPEI to find out the drought spells during the study period. The linear regression and Mann-Kendall test were applied to calculate the trend in AI as well as in SPEI results. The AI results revealed that most of the meteorological stations are arid and semi-arid, where the highest increasing aridity is noted at Kalat (0.0065/year). The results of the SPEI at 1 and 6-months identified the extreme to severe drought spell during 1998–2002 in all meteorological stations of Baluchistan province. The distinct drought spells identified from the SPEI results were in the years 1998–2003, 2006–2010, 2015–2016 and 2019. The drought frequency results showed highest frequency percentage at Lasbella (46%) of extreme to severe drought. The Mann-Kendall trend results showed negative trend in monthly AI and 1-month SPEI results and most significant trend was observed in April and October months, this shows that aridity and drought in the region are decreasing to some extent except Dalbandin and Lasbella observed increasing trend in winter season (November to January months) and Kalat met-station observed increasing trend in June. Prior investigation and planning of drought situations can help in controlling the far-reaching consequences on environment and human society.

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Spatial and temporal fluctuation of rainfall and drought in Balochistan province, Pakistan

Cited by 16 publications

References 35 publications

Documenting the wild edible plant’s resources used by Pushtoons, Balochis and Brahvis as survival strategy in the arid Province of Balochistan, NW Pakistan

Documenting the wild edible plant’s resources used by Pushtoons, Balochis and Brahvis as survival strategy in the arid Province of Balochistan, NW Pakistan

Spatio-temporal Fluctuation of Temperature Using Specific Climate Indices in South Xinjiang, China

Estimation of regional meteorological aridity and drought characteristics in Baluchistan province, Pakistan

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