Spatial and temporal frequency in figure-ground organization

Klymenko, Victor; Weisstein, Naomi; Topolski, Richard; Hsieh, Cheng Hong

doi:10.3758/bf03210712

Cited by 22 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The coarse and fine structures of the original shapes should be individually represented in order for the visual system to respond to shapes as quickly as possible with the least number of their features, and to discriminate one shape from others based on the detailed information. Various lines of psychophysical research support that shapes are represented individually by their coarse and fine structures (Inui 1988;Klymenko et al 1989;Sakai and Inui 2002;Victor and Conte 2006); for example, research on face recognition implies that lower spatial frequencies contribute to recognition of whole faces while higher frequencies allow us to understood their detailed shape (Tanaka and Farah 1993;Näsänen 1999). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual shape representation with geometrically characterized contour partitions

2012

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This paper proposes a biologically plausible matching method to recognize general shapes based on contour curvature information. The human visual system recognizes general shapes flexibly in real-world scenes through the ventral pathway. The pathway is typically modeled using artificial neural networks. These network models, however, do not construct a shape representation that satisfies the following required constraints: (1) The original shape should be represented by a group of partitioned contours in order to retrieve the whole shape (global information) from the partial contours (local information). (2) Coarse and fine structures of the original shapes should be individually represented in order for the visual system to respond to shapes as quickly as possible based on the least number of their features, and to discriminate between shapes based on detailed information. (3) The shape recognition realized with an artificial visual system should be invariant to geometric transformation such as expansion, rotation, or shear. In this paper, we propose a visual shape representation with geometrically characterized contour partitions described on multiple spatial scales.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual shape representation with geometrically characterized contour partitions

2012

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“…Many factors have been identified that determine whether a region will be perceived as figure or ground. For example, smaller regions are more frequently perceived as figures (Rubin, 1915/1958); regions depicting familiar objects are more likely to be identified as figures (Peterson & Gibson, 1991); regions located in the lower part of a display tend to be perceived as figures (Vecera, Vogel, & Woodman, 2002); spatial frequency in which high spatial frequency regions are perceived as figures (Klymenko & Weisstein, 1986); temporal frequency in which high temporal frequency regions are perceived as figures (Klymenko, Weisstein, Topolski, & Hsieh, 1989; Lee & Blake, 1999); and synchronous motion in which a region containing elements moving synchronously is perceived as a figure (Frost, Wylie, & Wang, 1990; Kandil & Fahle, 2004). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Figure–ground discrimination in the avian brain: The nucleus rotundus and its inhibitory complex

et al. 2012

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In primates, neurons sensitive to figure-ground status are located in striate cortex (area V1) and extrastriate cortex (area V2). Although much is known about the anatomical structure and connectivity of the avian visual pathway, the functional organization of the avian brain remains largely unexplored. To pinpoint the areas associated with figure-ground segregation in the avian brain, we used a radioactively labeled glucose analog to compare differences in glucose uptake after figure-ground, color, and shape discriminations. We also included a control group that received food on a variable-interval schedule, but was not required to learn a visual discrimination. Although the discrimination task depended on group assignment, the stimulus displays were identical for all three experimental groups, ensuring that all animals were exposed to the same visual input. Our analysis concentrated on the primary thalamic nucleus associated with visual processing, the nucleus rotundus (Rt), and two nuclei providing regulatory feedback, the pretectum (PT) and the nucleus subpretectalis/interstitio-pretecto-subpretectalis complex (SP/IPS). We found that figure-ground discrimination was associated with strong and nonlateralized activity of Rt and SP/IPS, whereas color discrimination produced strong and lateralized activation in Rt alone. Shape discrimination was associated with lower activity of Rt than in the control group. Taken together, our results suggest that figure-ground discrimination is associated with Rt and that SP/IPS may be a main source of inhibitory control. Thus, figure-ground segregation in the avian brain may occur earlier than in the primate brain.

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“…Furthermore, activities of these two temporal channels locate the nonflickering region in front and the flickering region behind in depth. Thus, the temporal-frequency content of suprathreshold textures in the adjacent regions reliably and systematically determines their figure-ground organization (Klymenko & Weisstein, 1986;Klymenko, Weisstein, Topolski, & Hsieh, 1989;Wong & Weisstein, 1984, 1985.…”

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confidence: 99%

Antiphase flicker induces depth segregation

Iwabuchi¹,

Shimizu

1997

Perception & Psychophysics

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Weexamined the influence of the temporal phase of flickering stimuli on perceptual organization, When two regions of a uniform random-dot field are flickered in temporal alternation with the same flicker rate, one of the regions appears to lie in front of the other. Within the range of temporal frequencies used in the present experiments, depth perception was maximal between 5 and 31.3 Hz. Which region of the two is perceived as lying in front is different from person to person and sometimes fluctuates within the same subject, but when two regions are of different sizes, the smaller region tends to be perceived in front for longer than the larger region. The depth segregation was not due to a luminance difference, because the average temporal luminance of the regions was kept equal. Strikingly, the illusory depth segregation is perceived even between two adjacent regions whose densities of dots, sizes, shapes, and flicker rates are identical. This result suggests that a difference of temporal phase between two flickering regions is crucial for this new depth perception.

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Spatial and temporal frequency in figure-ground organization

Cited by 22 publications

References 35 publications

Visual shape representation with geometrically characterized contour partitions

Visual shape representation with geometrically characterized contour partitions

Figure–ground discrimination in the avian brain: The nucleus rotundus and its inhibitory complex

Antiphase flicker induces depth segregation

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