Spatial and Temporal Investigation of Dew Potential based on Long-Term Model Simulations in Iran

Atashi, Nahid; Rahimi, Dariush; Goortani, Behnam Mostajeran; Duplissy, Jonathan; Vuollekoski, Henri; Kulmala, Markku; Vesala, Timo; Hussein, Tareq

doi:10.3390/w11122463

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The results from both ex-perimental approaches show that the amount of NRW formed in the non-growing season is higher than that of the growing season. This agrees well with previous findings on the seasonality of dew formation across different climate zones (Zhang et al, 2019;Groh et al, 2019;Atashi et al, 2019). The results from the treatments with elevated temperature demonstrate an impact of warming on the incoming atmospheric water, i.e.…”

Section: Response Of Water Fluxes To Climatic Changessupporting

confidence: 92%

Response of water fluxes and biomass production to climate change in permanent grassland soil ecosystems

Forstner

Groh

Vremec

et al. 2021

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Effects of climate change on the ecosystem productivity and water fluxes have been studied in various types of experiments. However, it is still largely unknown whether and how the experimental approach itself affects the results of such studies. We employed two contrasting experimental approaches, using high-precision weighable monolithic lysimeters, over a period of 4 years to identify and compare the responses of water fluxes and aboveground biomass to climate change in permanent grassland. The first, manipulative, approach is based on controlled increases of atmospheric CO2 concentration and surface temperature. The second, observational, approach uses data from a space-for-time substitution along a gradient of climatic conditions. The Budyko framework was used to identify if the soil ecosystem is energy limited or water limited. Elevated temperature reduced the amount of non-rainfall water, particularly during the growing season in both approaches. In energy-limited grassland ecosystems, elevated temperature increased the actual evapotranspiration and decreased aboveground biomass. As a consequence, elevated temperature led to decreasing seepage rates in energy-limited systems. Under water-limited conditions in dry periods, elevated temperature aggravated water stress and, thus, resulted in reduced actual evapotranspiration. The already small seepage rates of the drier soils remained almost unaffected under these conditions compared to soils under wetter conditions. Elevated atmospheric CO2 reduced both actual evapotranspiration and aboveground biomass in the manipulative experiment and, therefore, led to a clear increase and change in seasonality of seepage. As expected, the aboveground biomass productivity and ecosystem efficiency indicators of the water-limited ecosystems were negatively correlated with an increase in aridity, while the trend was unclear for the energy-limited ecosystems. In both experimental approaches, the responses of soil water fluxes and biomass production mainly depend on the ecosystems' status with respect to energy or water limitation. To thoroughly understand the ecosystem response to climate change and be able to identify tipping points, experiments need to embrace sufficiently extreme boundary conditions and explore responses to individual and multiple drivers, such as temperature, CO2 concentration, and precipitation, including non-rainfall water. In this regard, manipulative and observational climate change experiments complement one another and, thus, should be combined in the investigation of climate change effects on grassland.

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Section: Response Of Water Fluxes To Climatic Changessupporting

confidence: 92%

Response of water fluxes and biomass production to climate change in permanent grassland soil ecosystems

Forstner

Groh

Vremec

et al. 2021

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…e resulting long-standing issues with the inefficiency of its water distribution network has particularly affected the agricultural sector (Ashraf et al, 2021). Iran's average annual precipitation over the last 10 years is 250 mm with most of the country receiving <100 mm of rain per year (Atashi et al, 2019). Madani et al (2016) showed that rapid population growth, migration and urbanization, inadequate water distribution infrastructure, water quality degradation, inefficient agriculture, and drought all affect water availability for agriculture.…”

Section: Climate Changementioning

confidence: 99%

Weather or not? The role of international sanctions and climate on food prices in Iran

Zamanialaei

Brown

McCarty

et al. 2023

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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IntroductionThe scarcity of resources have affected food production, which has challenged the ability of Iran to provide adequate food for the population. Iterative and mounting sanctions on Iran by the international community have seriously eroded Iran's access to agricultural technology and resources to support a growing population. Limited moisture availability also affects Iran's agricultural production. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of inflation, international sanctions, weather disturbances, and domestic crop production on the price of rice, wheat and lentils from 2010 to 2021 in Iran.MethodData were obtained from the statistical yearbooks of the Ministry of Agriculture in Iran, Statistical Center of Iran, and the Central Bank of Iran. We analyzed econometric measures of food prices, including CPI, food inflation, subsidy reform plan and sanctions to estimate economic relationships. After deflating the food prices through CPI and detrending the time series to resolve the non-linear issue, we used monthly Climate Hazards group Infrared Precipitation with Stations (CHIRPS) precipitation data to analyze the influence of weather disturbances on food prices.Results and discussionThe price of goods not only provides an important indicator of the balance between agricultural production and market demand, but also has strong impacts on food affordability and food security. This novel study used a combination of economic and climate factors to analyze the food prices in Iran. Our statistical modeling framework found that the monthly precipitation on domestic food prices, and ultimately food access, in the country is much less important than the international sanctions, lowering Iran's productive capability and negatively impacting its food security.

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“…There are many theoretical calculations which show how it is possible to estimate dew volume on regional and global scale in very similar way. With the help of data from the European Centre for medium-range weather forecasts-reanalysis, the estimation of dew volume was calculated on the territory of Iran (Atashi et al 2019). The global potential for collecting usable water from dew on an artificial collector sheet was investigated by utilizing 34 years of meteorological reanalysis data on global scale.…”

Section: Theoretical Background Of Dew Utilization and Some Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographical information systems and remote sensing methods in the estimation of potential dew volume and its utilization in the United Arab Emirates

Valjarević

Milanović

Valjarević³

et al. 2021

Arab J Geosci

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In a fast growing region of Middle East and with rapid depletion of fossil groundwater, possibilities for dew utilization as a limited renewable water resource play an important role in the water management of the United Arab Emirates. Despite projected changes in air temperature and rainfall, geographical and topographical features of the UAE show some potential for dew harvesting, mostly at the altitudes higher than 1000 m and some isolated oasis areas. With the help of geographical information system (GIS), remote sensing, and numerical and theoretical methods, approximate volumes of dew were estimated. Meteorological data was inputted together with theoretical and numerical calculations into grids by using pixelization processes. Methods such as zonal statistics, kriging, semi-kriging, and interpolation were implemented through GIS software. Another method used in this research is supervised classification and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) which is being determined by means of software IDRISI terra set. After finishing all the proposed methods applied in this research, four belts of potential dew use were presented. The Arabian Desert in the territory of the United Arab Emirates has no potential for dew utilization. The zone close to the oases has very low possibility of dew use. The hilly-mountainous area between 500 and 800 m.a.s.l. has medium possibility for dew use. There is a high possibility for dew use on mountain Al Hajar, occupying the area higher than 800 m; 1.3% of the whole country's territory has excellent potential for dew use. In this part of the country, theoretically, it is possible to use dew for farming and partial watering. Experimental study together with GIS, remote sensing, and numerical analysis may extend knowledge about dew properties. Although this research includes theoretical calculations of dew utilization and has some limitations, it still presents a new insight into climate cycles in this part of the Arabian Peninsula and a way to understand them better.

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Spatial and Temporal Investigation of Dew Potential based on Long-Term Model Simulations in Iran

Cited by 6 publications

References 44 publications

Response of water fluxes and biomass production to climate change in permanent grassland soil ecosystems

Response of water fluxes and biomass production to climate change in permanent grassland soil ecosystems

Weather or not? The role of international sanctions and climate on food prices in Iran

Geographical information systems and remote sensing methods in the estimation of potential dew volume and its utilization in the United Arab Emirates

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