Spatial and temporal parameters of gait disturbances in schizophrenic patients

Putzhammer, Albert; Heindl, B.; Broll, Karin; Pfeiff, Liane; Perfahl, Maria; Hajak, Göran

doi:10.1016/s0920-9964(03)00090-2

Cited by 55 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…In the group treated with conventional antipsychotics, 10 patients received haloperidol (mean dose, 6.7 ± 3.5 mg/day standard deviation; range, 2-15) and four received fluphenazine (mean dose, 13.0 ± 6.78 mg/day; range, [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. The mean olanzapine dose was 17.7 ± 5.7 mg/day and the range was 10-30.…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[3][4][5] One of our earlier studies on the gait in patients with schizophrenia indicated that the key deficit in schizophrenic bradykinesia is a disordered regulation of stride length. 6 Treatment with conventional antipsychotics intensified this deficit, whereas treatment with atypical antipsychotics failed to show additional effects on schizophrenic gait. In contrast to the deficit in stride-length regulation, regulation of cadence (steps per minute) remained widely unaffected.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gait disturbances in patients with schizophrenia and adaptation to treadmill walking

Putzhammer

Perfahl

Pfeiff

et al. 2005

Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

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This study evaluated the gait patterns of schizophrenic patients at free gait and at three fixed velocities on a treadmill. The effects of illness and antipsychotic treatment on gait parameters and on adaptation to treadmill walking were compared. Gait parameters of 14 drug-naïve schizophrenic patients, 14 patients treated with conventional antipsychotics, 14 patients treated with olanzapine, as well as 14 matched controls were assessed on a walkway and on a treadmill at three different velocities (very slow, intermediately slow, and comfortable) using an ultrasonic movement analysis system. At free gait, all patients showed a significantly decreased gait velocity, predominantly due to a shorter stride length, when compared to the controls, with the most striking difference observed between the patients treated with conventional neuroleptics and the controls ( anova , P £ 0.001). Cadence (steps per second) did not differ between the investigated groups. When gait was evaluated on the treadmill, differences in stride length and cadence were significant only at the very slow treadmill velocity ( anova , P £ 0.05). In all patient groups, mean stride length was decreased and cadence compensationally increased. Significant differences between the patient groups were no longer detectable. With increasing treadmill velocities, gait parameters of all patient groups normalized. The results show that, like in patients with Parkinson's Disease, impaired gait parameters can also be normalized in schizophrenic patients by external stimulation via treadmill walking.

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Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gait disturbances in patients with schizophrenia and adaptation to treadmill walking

Putzhammer

Perfahl

Pfeiff

et al. 2005

Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

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“…Data was sampled at 120 Hz and stored in a personal computer which calculated spatiotemporal parameters and foot pressure distribution parameters using application software. The device had been shown to have excellent reproducibility and accuracy [16].…”

Section: Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

First signs of elderly gait for women

Kaczmarczyk

Wiszomirska

Błażkiewicz

et al. 2017

Med Pr

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Background: The aims of this study have been 2-fold: to attempt to reduce the number of spatiotemporal parameters used for describing gait through the factor analysis and component analysis; and to explore the critical age of decline for other gait parameters for healthy women. Material and Methods: A total of 106 women (aged ≥ 40 years old (N = 76) and ≤ 31 years old (N = 30)) were evaluated using a pressure-sensitive mat (Zebris Medical System, Tübingen, Germany) for collecting spatiotemporal gait parameters. Results: The factor analysis identified 2 factors -labelled Time and Rhythm -that accounted for 72% of the variation in significant free-gait parameters; the principal component analysis identified 4 of these parameters that permit full clinical evaluation of gait quality. No difference was found between the groups in terms of the values of parameters reflecting the temporal nature of gait (Rhythm), namely step time, stride time and cadence, whereas significant differences were found for total double support phase (p < 0.001). Next, seeking evidence of a critical decline in gait, we selected 3 parameters: total double support, stride time and velocity. We concluded that the women taking part in the experiment manifested significant signs of senile gait after the age of 60 years old, with the first symptoms thereof already manifesting themselves after 50 years of age. Conclusions: We show that among 26 spatiotemporal parameters that may be used for characterizing gait, at least a half of them may be omitted in the assessment of gait correctness; a finding that may be useful in clinical practice. The finding that the onset of senile gait occurs in the case of women after the age of 60 years old, in turn, may be useful in evaluating the ability for performing types of physical work that mainly require ambulation. Med Pr 2017;68(4):441-448

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“…These deficits have assumed particular clinical importance in schizophrenia and undoubtedly have an impact on long-term outcomes, affecting social, academic, emotional, and daily functioning (Manschreck 1992;Putzhammer and Klein 2006;Varlet et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results showed that schizophrenia patients have difficulty performing these tasks mainly with a reduction of regularity, amplitude, and peak velocity Tigges et al 2000;Klausmann 2003;Putzhammer et al 2005aPutzhammer et al , 2005b. Other studies also using kinematic analysis of motion revealed alterations in gait velocity by a decrease in stride length (Putzhammer and Klein 2006) and alterations in the postural sway area (Kent et al 2012). However, little is known about kinematic parameters of fundamental motor behaviors frequently used in daily life.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinematic parameters of throwing performance in patients with schizophrenia using a markerless motion capture system

Sá

Marques

Rocha

et al. 2014

Somatosensory & Motor Research

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Motor dysfunction is consistently reported but understudied in schizophrenia. It has been hypothesized that this abnormality may reflect a neuro-developmental disorder underlying this illness. The main goal of this study was to analyze movement patterns used by participants with schizophrenia and healthy controls during overarm throwing performance, using a markerless motion capture system. Thirteen schizophrenia patients and 16 healthy control patients performed the overarm throwing task in a markerless motion capture system. Participants were also examined for the presence of motor neurological soft signs (mNSS) using the Brief Motor Scale. Schizophrenia patients demonstrated a less developed movement pattern with low individualization of components compared to healthy controls. The schizophrenia group also displayed a higher incidence of mNSS. The presence of a less mature movement pattern can be an indicator of neuro-immaturity and a marker for atypical neurological development in schizophrenia. Our findings support the understanding of motor dysfunction as an intrinsic part of the disorder of schizophrenia.

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Spatial and temporal parameters of gait disturbances in schizophrenic patients

Cited by 55 publications

References 40 publications

Gait disturbances in patients with schizophrenia and adaptation to treadmill walking

Gait disturbances in patients with schizophrenia and adaptation to treadmill walking

First signs of elderly gait for women

Kinematic parameters of throwing performance in patients with schizophrenia using a markerless motion capture system

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