Spatial and temporal variability and sources of dissolved trace elements in the Sava River (Slovenia, Croatia)

Lučić, Mavro; Vdović, Neda; Bačić, Niko; Nava, Veronica; Vidmar, Janja; Milačić, Radmila

doi:10.1007/s11356-021-17769-9

Cited by 7 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 51 publications

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“…For this reason, in recent decades, the anthropogenic contamination of the Serbian sector of the Danube catchment basin, and especially Danube and Sava River sediments, has been the subjects of an appreciable number of studies [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15], which included the dissolved PCE [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Geochemistry of the Danube River Sediments (Serbian Sector)

Culicov

Trtić-Petrović

Nekhoroshkov

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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To determine the nature and origin of the unconsolidated bottom sediments, as well as to demonstrate and quantify the presence of Presumably Contaminating Elements (PCE) in the Serbian Danube River, as a novelty, the mass fractions on nine major elements as oxides—SiO2, TiO2, Al2O3, FeO, MnO, MgO, CaO, Na2O, and K2O, as well as Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Rb, Sr, Zr, Sb, Cs, Ba, La, Hf, Ta, W, Th, and U were determined by Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) in 13 sediment samples collected between Belgrade and Iron Gate 2 dam. INAA was chosen for its ability to perform elemental analysis without any preliminary sample treatment that could introduce systematic errors. The distribution of major elements was relatively uniform, with the sampling locations having less influence. Concerning the trace elements, excepting the PCE Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, and Sb, their distributions presented the same remarkable similarity to the Upper Continental Crust (UCC), North American Shale Composite (NASC), Average Bottom Load (ABL), and Average Dobrogea Loess (AVL), and were in good concordance with the location of the Serbian Danube River in the Pannonian Plain. In the case of considered PCE, both Enrichment Factor and Pollution Load Index showed values higher than the pollution threshold, which pointed towards a significant anthropogenic contamination, and rising concern to what extent the water quality and biota could be affected.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Geochemistry of the Danube River Sediments (Serbian Sector)

Culicov

Trtić-Petrović

Nekhoroshkov

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Changes in concentrations of potentially toxic elements during storage of hard river water samples at low temperatures using different sample preservation procedures

Milačič,

Marković,

Marković

et al. 2023

J Soils Sediments

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Purpose According to standard procedure recommended by the Water Framework Directive (WFD), dissolved concentrations of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in river water are determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) in filtered (0.45 µm) and acidified (pH 2) samples. Properly prepared and stored composite samples can enhance the temporal representativity of monitoring without increasing analytical costs. For this purpose, the WFD recommends freezing, which can preserve the species integrity and prevent adsorption processes of PTEs. Methods Low storage temperature in hard water samples can trigger precipitation of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and subsequent co-precipitation of PTEs. To test and determine to what extent co-precipitation with CaCO3 can influence the determination of PTE concentrations, composite river water samples from two case study catchments in Hungary (Zagyva and Koppány) were prepared following two different sample preservation procedures. To study the behavior of PTEs in river water during storage, in the first procedure, samples were frozen, and they were thawed, filtered, and acidified directly prior to the analysis. In the second procedure, samples were filtered on-site and acidified prior to freezing to prevent precipitation of CaCO3 and then only thawed to carry out the chemical analyses. Concentrations of PTEs were determined by ICP-MS. Results A statistical evaluation of the results using Student’s t-test revealed significant differences between the two sample preservation procedures, suggesting that PTEs were largely co-precipitated with CaCO3 if the samples were not acidified prior to freezing. Conclusion When establishing protocols for sample preservation procedures, the phenomenon of co-precipitation of PTEs with CaCO3 should be considered if the samples were not acidified before freezing. Therefore, to prevent co-precipitation of PTEs with CaCO3, samples should be filtered and acidified before freezing.

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