Spatial and Temporal Variation in Photon Flux Density on Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i>L.) Leaf Surface

Nishimura, Seiichi; Koizumi, Hiroshi; Tang, Yanhong

doi:10.1626/pps.1.30

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…For example, leaf angle and orientation in rice influences the dynamic nature of incident light under sunny but not overcast diffuse light conditions (Nishimura et al, 1998). An increased proportion of diffuse light allows the penetration of light to deeper layers of a crop canopy, which improves light use efficiency and photosynthesis at the canopy level (Sinclair and Muchow, 1999;Roderick et al, 2001;Li et al, 2014).…”

Section: Seeing the Sun Through The Treesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, concurrent to many reviews focusing on the effects of sunflecks on forest understories (Chazdon, 1988;Chazdon and Pearcy, 1991;Pearcy and Pfitsch, 1995;Way and Pearcy, 2012), there have been advances in examining the same illumination dynamics in major crop species such as soybean (Glycine max; Pearcy et al, 1990Pearcy et al, , 1997, rice (Oryza sativa; Nishimura et al, 1998Nishimura et al, , 2000, and maize (Zea mays; Wang et al, 2008) using experimental and modeling approaches. Given the importance of dynamic light in crop canopies, various light-sensitive factors have been identified as targets to improve crop photosynthesis and productivity in fluctuating light conditions.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The Impacts of Fluctuating Light on Crop Performance

et al. 2017

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Rapidly changing light conditions can reduce carbon gain and productivity in field crops because photosynthetic responses to light fluctuations are not instantaneous. Plant responses to fluctuating light occur across levels of organizational complexity from entire canopies to the biochemistry of a single reaction and across orders of magnitude of time. Although light availability and variation at the top of the canopy are largely dependent on the solar angle and degree of cloudiness, lower crop canopies rely more heavily on light in the form of sunflecks, the quantity of which depends mostly on canopy structure but also may be affected by wind. The ability of leaf photosynthesis to respond rapidly to these variations in light intensity is restricted by the relatively slow opening/ closing of stomata, activation/deactivation of C 3 cycle enzymes, and up-regulation/down-regulation of photoprotective processes. The metabolic complexity of C 4 photosynthesis creates the apparently contradictory possibilities that C 4 photosynthesis may be both more and less resilient than C 3 to dynamic light regimes, depending on the frequency at which these light fluctuations occur. We review the current understanding of the underlying mechanisms of these limitations to photosynthesis in fluctuating light that have shown promise in improving the response times of photosynthesis-related processes to changes in light intensity.

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Section: Seeing the Sun Through The Treesmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impacts of Fluctuating Light on Crop Performance

et al. 2017

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“…Small photodiodes (G1118; Hamamatsu Photonics, Hamamatsu, Japan) were used to estimate PPFD on the leaves (Nishimura et al 1998;Nishimura and Itoh 2003). Each photodiode had been calibrated against a quantum sensor (IKS-27; Koito, Yokohama, Japan).…”

Section: Measurement Of Incident Lightmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geometrical similarity analysis of photosynthetic light response curves, light saturation and light use efficiency

Koyama

Kikuzawa

2010

Oecologia

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Light absorption and use efficiency (LAUE mol mol(-1), daily gross photosynthesis per daily incident light) of each leaf depends on several factors, including the degree of light saturation. It is often discussed that upper canopy leaves exposed to direct sunlight are fully light-saturated. However, we found that upper leaves of three temperate species, a heliophytic perennial herb Helianthus tuberosus, a pioneer tree Alnus japonica, and a late-successional tree Fagus crenata, were not fully light-saturated even under full sunlight. Geometrical analysis of the photosynthetic light response curves revealed that all the curves of the leaves from different canopy positions, as well as from the different species, can be considered as different parts of a single non-rectangular hyperbola. The analysis consistently explained how those leaves were not fully light-saturated. Light use optimization models, called big leaf models, predicted that the degree of light saturation and LAUE are both independent of light environment. From these, we hypothesized that the upper leaves should not be fully light-saturated even under direct sunlight, but instead should share the light limitation with the shaded lower-canopy leaves, so as to utilize strong sunlight efficiently. Supporting this prediction, within a canopy of H. tuberosus, both the degree of light saturation and LAUE were independent of light environment within a canopy, resulting in proportionality between the daily photosynthesis and the daily incident light among the leaves.

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“…All photodiodes were calibrated against a quantum sensor (Li‐Cor; LI‐190S) under open daylight conditions, which showed correlation coefficients higher than 0.99 (cf. Nishimura et al . 1998).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All photodiodes were calibrated against a quantum sensor (Li-Cor; under open daylight conditions, which showed correlation coefficients higher than 0.99 (cf. Nishimura et al 1998). Another two photodiodes were placed outside the canopy horizontally to measure PFD outside the canopy, and one of these was shaded by a shade ring (EIKO Seiki; MB-11) for the measurement of diffuse PFD.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial heterogeneity and diurnal course of photon flux density on paddy field water surface under rice plant canopy

Nishimura

Itoh

2003

Weed Biology and Management

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Detailed measurements of photon flux density (PFD) on the paddy field water surface were conducted under sunny sky conditions using a photosensor array of 100 small photodiodes under rice canopies at the heading and ripening stages. PFD on paddy water surface was not uniform and spatially variable even within a short distance of a few centimeters, showing that the irregular penetration of direct sunlight significantly affects the light environment under the canopies. Although occasional high peaks of PFD were observed, most of the water surface was exposed to a PFD of less than 200 µmol m−2 s−1, even around midday. Mean PFD were high at midday and low in early morning or late evening. Mean ratios of the PFD under the canopy to that outside the canopy (RPFD) were also high at midday and low in early morning or late evening, which can be explained by Poisson's model of light penetration. Maximum mean PFD and mean RPFD were often observed not around noon, but when the azimuth angle of the sun coincided with the row direction. Moreover, under rice canopies at the heading stage, rapid increases and decreases of mean RPFD were observed immediately before and after the peak time. These results indicate that significant high photosynthetic carbon fixation by the paddy field weeds can take place only during the few hours when the azimuth angle of the sun coincides with the row direction.

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Spatial and Temporal Variation in Photon Flux Density on Rice (Oryza sativaL.) Leaf Surface

Cited by 13 publications

References 21 publications

The Impacts of Fluctuating Light on Crop Performance

The Impacts of Fluctuating Light on Crop Performance

Geometrical similarity analysis of photosynthetic light response curves, light saturation and light use efficiency

Spatial heterogeneity and diurnal course of photon flux density on paddy field water surface under rice plant canopy

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