Spatial and Temporal Variation of Cultivable Communities of Co-occurring Endophytes and Pathogens in Wheat

Comby, Morgane; Lacoste, Sandrine; Baillieul, Fabienne; Profizi, Camille; Dupont, Joëlle

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2016.00403

Cited by 75 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 126 publications

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“…Although roots were only sampled from A. variabilis, they yielded higher proportions of saprophytes than the aerial portions of the plants. Similar results were demonstrated for roots and aerial parts of wheat (Comby et al, 2016). David et al (2016) demonstrated that the influence of location and host species on fungal endophyte community composition also depended on plant part, in that environment and host species were very important in endophyte community composition from leaves of beach grasses, but only the sand dune environment was important for determining the endophyte community from roots.…”

Section: Sphaerophysa Salsula Oxytropis Glabra Astragalus Variabilissupporting

confidence: 71%

Endogenous fungi isolated from three locoweed species from rangeland in western China

Lu¹,

Quan²,

Zhou³

et al. 2017

Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.

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Leguminous locoweeds cause toxicosis to grazing animals in western China and western USA. Swainsonine, a toxic alkaloid, is produced by the endophytic fungus Alternaria section Undifilum sp. living within the locoweed plants. Nothing is known of the other endogenous fungi associated with locoweed and it is unknown if the presence of Alternaria sect. Undifilum sp., a potential mutualist, in a locoweed influences the fungal microbiome associated with the plant. To help address these questions, endogenous fungi associated with three locoweed species (Oxytropis glabra, Sphaerophysa salsula, and Astragalus variabilis) collected from grasslands from western China were evaluated. Fungi were isolated from the tissues and identified by morphological features and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions. A total of 1209 fungal isolates were obtained from 1819 tissues for an isolation rate of 66.5%. Alternaria sect. Undifilum oxytropis, Alternaria spp. and Fusarium spp. were most commonly isolated. Plant host species, plant part, and environment influenced the endogenous fungal communities isolated from the locoweed plants. There were significant differences in the diversity of fungal species isolated from O. glabra from two sites, and no differences between the diversity of fungi isolated from A. variabilis from two sites. Alternaria sect. Undifilum was found most frequently associated with toxic locoweeds. Plants or plant parts that did not yield this endophyte had more plant pathogenic fungi associated with them. This is the first report of the diversity of fungi associated with these locoweeds and the first to suggest a beneficial role for Undifilum.

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Section: Sphaerophysa Salsula Oxytropis Glabra Astragalus Variabilissupporting

confidence: 71%

Endogenous fungi isolated from three locoweed species from rangeland in western China

Lu¹,

Quan²,

Zhou³

et al. 2017

Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.

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“…), and the aerial tissues and roots of wheat (Comby et al. ) and other grasses (Sánchez Márquez et al. , ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…), in roots of wheat (Comby et al. ), and in leaves and roots of other grasses (Sánchez Márquez et al. , ); only recently, M. alpina was described as an entomopathogen (Edgington et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Invisible but consequential: root endophytic fungi have variable effects on belowground plant–insect interactions

2017

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Abstract. Endophytic fungi are ubiquitous in nature and can play important roles in regulating plantherbivore interactions. While some aboveground obligate symbionts are considered defensive mutualists of host plants, the importance of root endophytes in plant defense, especially against root-feeding insects, remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of root fungal endophytes on plant resistance against belowground herbivores and the recovery of host plants from damage. We grew the common grass Festuca arundinacea (tall fescue) semi-aeroponically in the laboratory and inoculated roots with one of five fungal endophytes isolated from field-collected tall fescue or meadow soil. Endophyte-inoculated and uninoculated control plants were subjected to feeding by larvae of the generalist root herbivore Rhizotrogus majalis (European chafer). Herbivory intensity was quantified after eight days, and regrowth of roots and shoots following root herbivory and mechanical shoot damage was measured thereafter for each treatment. Fungal identifications by DNA sequence analysis were conducted after completion of the herbivory experiments and revealed that the five endophytes included the decomposer fungi Trametes versicolor and Mortierella alpina, the entomopathogenic fungi Isaria fumosorosea and Beauveria bassiana, and a potential plant pathogen/entomopathogen Fusarium cf. equiseti. The effects of these root endophytes on plant defense against root-feeding insects were species-specific. While four endophytes had few effects on plant resistance, endophytic B. bassiana significantly reduced herbivore damage to roots. In comparison, plant tolerance to damage was impaired after colonization by all endophyte species except T. versicolor and M. alpina. The contrasting effects of endophytes on plant resistance and plant tolerance suggest that research solely evaluating plant resistance is likely to overestimate the benefits conferred by endophytes without accounting for potential negative effects on plant tolerance. We propose a conceptual framework to include both plant resistance and tolerance as two dimensions of a defensive strategy and show that plant associations with different root endophytes may shift the relative importance of resistance and tolerance for plant defense.

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“…All plants in natural habitats are believed to harbour endophytes (Aly et al , 2011 ) and they can be tissue-type specifi c or systemic (Zabalgogeazcoa, 2008 ). Th e life cycles of the majority of endophytes are not completely understood, but it is clear that some endophytes do not remain exclusively within the plant throughout their whole life cycle, which means that they can potentially be latent pathogens (Comby et al , 2016 ) or latent saprotrophs , or can represent early colonisation by rhizobia or mycorrhizal fungi (Porras-Alfaro and Bayman, 2011 ). Th e diversity of diff erent available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms.…”

Section: Endophyte Host Range and The Targeted Search For Benefi Cialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Methods for Biological Control of Barley Diseases Including the Role of Endophytes

Høyer¹,

Jørgensen²,

Jensen³

et al. 2019

Endophytes for a Growing World

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Barley is an important crop worldwide with production largely used for animal feed and alcoholic beverages. Diseases are a major limiting factor to its production. Th ese have, up until recently, been controlled by agrochemicals. However, legislation on the use of agrochemicals, especially within the European Union, is being tightened and there is growing interest in integrated pest management . Th is means that there is an increasing focus on controlling diseases using biological control . Living microorganisms that are applied as biological control agents (BCAs) to either soil, seed or leaves can have diffi culty in persisting. Th erefore, the focus of this review is on endophytes, which are microorganisms that live inside the plant without causing symptoms of disease and have the potential of staying protected as well as being benefi cial to the plant and eff ective against multiple diseases. In this review, we discuss the diff erent approaches for fi nding and testing benefi cial endophytes and for determining the endophyte host range. Furthermore, we undertook a literature search to summarise previous studies that have investigated the use of endophytes as well as BCAs against barley diseases.

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Spatial and Temporal Variation of Cultivable Communities of Co-occurring Endophytes and Pathogens in Wheat

Cited by 75 publications

References 126 publications

Endogenous fungi isolated from three locoweed species from rangeland in western China

Endogenous fungi isolated from three locoweed species from rangeland in western China

Invisible but consequential: root endophytic fungi have variable effects on belowground plant–insect interactions

Emerging Methods for Biological Control of Barley Diseases Including the Role of Endophytes

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