Spatial and temporal variations in contamination of mycotoxins in sub-humid, semi-arid areas of Eastern Central Tanzania

Magembe, K. S.; Mwatawala, M.; Mamiro, D. P.

doi:10.1080/03235408.2016.1230961

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The included studies that investigated peanuts all reported AFB 1 concentrations in peanuts to be relatively high (> 15 µg/kg set by Codex Alimentarius [hereinafter: “CODEX”]), with only samples from Algeria having a lower mean concentration of 6.3 µg/kg (Magembe, Mwatawala, & Mamiro, 2016a; Magembe, Mwatawala, & Mamiro, 2016b; Magembe, Mwatawala, Mamiro, & Chingonikaya, 2016c; Oyedele et al., 2017; Riba, Matmoura, Mokrane, Mathieu, & Sabaou, 2013). Mean AFB 1 concentrations in African dishes, such as ogiri, kuru‐kuru, and dagwa, were found to be > 5 µg/kg, while AFB 1 concentrations in peanut cake ranged from 13 to 2,824 µg/kg.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The aflatoxin situation in Africa: Systematic literature review

Meijer

Kleter

Nijs

et al. 2021

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

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Contamination of African staple foods is a major issue for human and animal health, nutrition, and trade. This review aimed to collect and synthesize the available evidence on geographical spread, scale of contamination, disease burden, economic impact, and mitigation measures for aflatoxins in Africa by way of a systematic literature review. This knowledge can enhance management strategies for the major challenges to combat aflatoxins. The search was conducted by applying a predefined search strategy, using bibliographic databases and websites, covering the period 2010 to 2018. Results showed that maize, peanuts, and animal feeds were the most studied commodities. For maize, all studies indicated mean AFB1 to exceed the European Union legal limit. From studies on contamination levels and biomarkers, it is clear that overall exposure is high, leading to a substantial increase in long‐term disease burden. In addition, concentrations in food occasionally can reach very high levels, causing acute aflatoxicoses. The trade‐related impact of aflatoxin contamination was mainly evaluated from the standpoint of aflatoxin regulation affecting products imported from Africa. There was a limited number of studies on health‐related economic impacts, pointing out a gap in peer‐reviewed literature. A number of mitigation measures have been developed, but proof of cost‐effectiveness or even costs alone of the practices is often lacking. We recommend more emphasis to be put in peer‐reviewed studies on evidence‐based cost‐effective mitigation strategies for aflatoxins, on the scale and spread of the problem and its impacts on public health and economics for use in evidence‐based policies.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The aflatoxin situation in Africa: Systematic literature review

Meijer

Kleter

Nijs

et al. 2021

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Six included studies that investigated peanuts found AFB1 concentrations in peanut to be relatively high (>15 µg/kg set by CODEX), with only samples from Algeria having a lower mean concentration of 6.3 µg/kg (Magembe et al, 2016a(Magembe et al, , 2016bMagembe et al, 2016c;Oyedele et al, 2017;Riba et al, 2013). Meanwhile, four included studies estimated AFB1 in African dishes, such as dagwa and kurukuru (both are groundnut based snacks) and fufu (maize dish) in Cameroon; iru, ogiri and peanut cake in Nigeria.…”

Section: Scale Of Aflatoxin Contaminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The aflatoxin situation in Africa : Systematic literature review

Meijer¹,

Kleter

Safitri

et al. 2018

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This research has been carried out by Wageningen University & Research and financed by Partnership for Aflatoxin Control in Africa (PACA) through funds made available to PACA by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and Mars, Incorporated (project number 1277360301). PACA acknowledges the contribution of the Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA) in producing this report which is a follow up to the CTA/PACA 2016 Working Paper "Improving the evidence base on aflatoxin contamination and exposure in Africa" written by

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“…Additionally, poor storage conditions, such as high moisture and poor ventilation, can lead to further growth of fungi and production of aflatoxins. Furthermore, certain agricultural practices, such as the use of contaminated irrigation water, improper harvesting techniques, and inadequate pest control measures, can contribute to the spread of aflatoxicosis [ 3 , 18 , 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aflatoxicosis outbreak and its associated factors in Kiteto, Chemba and Kondoa Districts, Tanzania

Kinyenje

Kishimba²,

Mohamed³

et al. 2023

PLOS Glob Public Health

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Tanzania had experienced hundreds of cases of aflatoxicosis in the districts of Kiteto, Chemba, and Kondoa for the three consecutive years since 2016. Cases may end up with liver cancer. Aflatoxin-induced liver cancer had resulted in the demise of roughly three persons per 100,000 in the country during the same year, 2016. We investigated to characterize the latest outbreak of 2019 and identify its risk factors. This case-control study enrolled all patients presented with acute jaundice of unknown origin and laboratory test results confirmed an acute liver injury with or without abdominal pain, distension, vomiting, or fever during the period of June to November 2019 and had epidemiological link with cases confirmed with Aflatoxin-B1-Lysine. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to identify independent factors associated with aflatoxicosis. We analyzed 62 cases with median age of 7 years (0.58–50 years) and 186 controls with median age of 24 years (range 0.42–55) with onset of symptoms ranging from 1st June 2019 to 16th July 2019. Case-parents had higher serum aflatoxin-B1–lysine adduct concentrations than did controls; 208.80 ng/mg (n = 45) vs. 32.2 ng/mg (n = 26); p<0.01. Storing foods at poor conditions (AOR 5.49; 95% CI 2.30–13.1), age <15 years (AOR 4.48; 95% CI 1.63–12.3), chronic illness (AOR 3.05; 95% CI 1.19–7.83) and being male (AOR 2.31; 95% CI 1.01–5.30) were significantly associated with the disease, whereas cleaning foods before milling decreased the risk of getting the disease by 88% (AOR 0.12; 95% CI 0.05–0.29). According to the results, the outbreak resulted from a globally highest-ever recorded aflatoxin-B1-lysine that originated from a common source. To prevent future outbreaks, it is crucial to store and clean food crops safely before milling. We recommend strict regulations and enforcement around aflatoxin levels in food products.

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Spatial and temporal variations in contamination of mycotoxins in sub-humid, semi-arid areas of Eastern Central Tanzania

Cited by 4 publications

References 37 publications

The aflatoxin situation in Africa: Systematic literature review

The aflatoxin situation in Africa: Systematic literature review

The aflatoxin situation in Africa : Systematic literature review

Aflatoxicosis outbreak and its associated factors in Kiteto, Chemba and Kondoa Districts, Tanzania

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