Spatial and Temporal Variations in Nutrients During Upwelling Season Off the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia

Uning, Royston; Suratman, Suhaimi; Nasir, Fatin Adlina Md; Latif, Mohd Talib

doi:10.1007/s00128-021-03334-0

Cited by 1 publication

(5 citation statements)

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“…However, higher monoterpene (total) fluxes (>8.0 × 10 7 molecules/cm 2 /s) exhibited an increasing trend from the onshore to offshore sites in the ECPM. The distribution pattern of the higher isoprene fluxes indicates that it is consistent with the surface water dissolved inorganic nitrogen nutrient pattern, as shown by Uning et al 25 This may suggest that fluxes of isoprene correspond to surface water nutrients in the upwelling region off the ECPM. This further provides evidence that marine isoprene production/ concentrations may be related to nutrient availability.…”

Section: ■ Materials and Methodssupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Throughout the field-sampling period, no rain event was recorded, while only occasional windy and cloudy periods occurred. The spatial and temporal distributions of the seawater physical parameters and nutrients were presented separately …”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The spatial and temporal distributions of the seawater physical parameters and nutrients were presented separately. 25 Overview of BVOC Sea-to-Air Fluxes. The BVOC fluxes in the upwelling region off the ECPM are summarized in Table 2.…”

Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…23 Variation in the temporal distribution of the higher surface water nutrients nitrogen and phosphate was also encountered, with colder surface water during the upwelling peak intensity. 25 Consequently, this would be an ideal period and location where higher emissions of marine BVOCs would be expected. This study aims to determine sea-to-air fluxes of isoprene and monoterpenes in the upwelling region off the ECPM.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An upwelling region characterized by the southwesterly monsoon season and located off the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia (ECPM) has been identified. , In general, ECPM upwelling intensity was observed to increase from May onward and peak in August before declining in September . Variation in the temporal distribution of the higher surface water nutrients nitrogen and phosphate was also encountered, with colder surface water during the upwelling peak intensity . Consequently, this would be an ideal period and location where higher emissions of marine BVOCs would be expected.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sea-to-Air Fluxes of Isoprene and Monoterpenes in the Coastal Upwelling Region of Peninsular Malaysia

Uning

Latif

Hamid

et al. 2021

ACS Earth Space Chem.

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Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) affect oxidant loadings and secondary organic aerosol formation in the lower atmosphere. The marine environment is thought to be an important global source of biogenic VOCs (BVOCs). Despite that, there is relatively limited knowledge on coastal upwelling BVOCs. This paper presents sea-to-air fluxes and spatial and temporal distributions of the BVOCs, isoprene and monoterpenes, in the coastal upwelling region off the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia (ECPM). The overall fluxes ranged between 107 and 108 molecules/cm2/s, which is comparable with open ocean values. Isoprene dominated the overall fluxes with an average percentage of 65% compared to monoterpenes (total) (35%). Among the monoterpene compounds, β-pinene showed the highest average flux, followed by α-pinene and limonene. The spatial distribution suggests that isoprene fluxes potentially correspond to the sea surface water nutrients compared to monoterpenes. A significant relationship between isoprene and monoterpene (total) fluxes was observed (R = 0.73, P < 0.01), which may indicate that both isoprene and monoterpenes are controlled by an identical biological factor (e.g., chlorophyll-a). This study concludes that the upwelling region off the ECPM is potentially an important source of atmospheric isoprene and monoterpenes.

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Section: ■ Materials and Methodssupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%