Spatial and Temporal Volatility of PM2.5, PM10 and PM10-Bound B[a]P Concentrations and Assessment of the Exposure of the Population of Silesia in 2018–2021

Kaleta, Dorota; Kozielska, Barbara

doi:10.3390/ijerph20010138

“…In Bahrain (0.353) where the contribution of PM 2.5 emissions from densely located local industries stands out 29 . In contrast, ratios > 0.5 have also been reported 7 , 30 . A PM 2.5 /PM 10 ratio equal to 0.5 has previously been used as a threshold value for air pollution from PM emission sources 7 , 31 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

An exploratory analysis of PM$$_{2.5}$$/PM$$_{10}$$ ratio during spring 2016–2018 in Metropolitan Lima

Cabello-Torres,

Carbo-Bustinza,

Romero-Cabello

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

0

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Aerosols (PM$$_{2.5}$$ 2.5 and PM$$_{10}$$ 10 ) represent one of the most critical pollutants due to their negative effects on human health. This research analyzed the relationship of PM and its PM$$_{2.5}$$ 2.5 /PM$$_{10}$$ 10 ratios with climatic variables in the austral spring (2016–2018) in Metropolitan Lima. Overall, there was an average PM$$_{2.5}$$ 2.5 /PM$$_{10}$$ 10 ratio of 0.33 with fluctuations from 0.30 to 0.35. However, there have also been high point values that reached ratios greater than one. This situation indicates a moderate condition of contamination by particulate matter with a predominance of coarse aerosols in spring, with an increasing trend over the years. The locations Ate and Villa Maria del Triunfo, especially Ate, presented poor quality conditions. Thursdays showed outstanding pollution peaks by PM$$_{10}$$ 10 , and a decrease is visible on Sundays. On the other hand, the PM$$_{2.5}$$ 2.5 showed a similar pattern every day, including Sundays. The maximum peaks occurred in the morning and night hours. The increase in anthropogenic emissions associated with the formation of secondary aerosols has been evident, being the case of the location Campo de Marte, the one that had a significant increase in ratios PM$$_{2.5}$$ 2.5 /PM$$_{10}$$ 10 , which confirms a greater intensity of secondary formations of carbonaceous particles from industrial oil sources, vehicle exhaust, as well as aerosols from metal smelting and biomass burning. There were negative correlations of the ratios with PM$$_{10}$$ 10 , temperature, wind speed, and direction, and positive correlations with PM$$_{2.5}$$ 2.5 and relative humidity. Contour lines were successfully developed that demonstrated the interaction of climate with PM$$_{2.5}$$ 2.5 /PM$$_{10}$$ 10 ratios. This will deepen the exploration of emission sources and modeling, which allows for optimizing air quality indices to control emissions and adequately manage air quality in Metropolitan Lima.

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“…Coal mining and related industries began here in the 17th century. There is a high density of individual heating with solid fuels (a high proportion of coal combustion), many industrial sources that were historically linked to coal mining in the Upper Silesian Basin and, last but not least, a rich transport infrastructure [7]. The situation is particularly serious given that this is a densely populated area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Air quality improved in the 1990s with the onset of economic restructuring in both countries. Another reason for the improvement was the accession of both countries to the European Union and the need to adapt legislation to EU requirements [7,8]. These measures have improved air pollution levels in the region, but problems remain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Causes of Air Pollution in a Specific Industrial Part of the Czech City of Ostrava in Central Europe

Volná,

Seibert,

Hladký

et al. 2024

Atmosphere

1

0

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This contribution deals with the assessment of air pollution caused by atmospheric aerosol particulate matter fraction PM10 and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) in the urban agglomeration of Ostrava, located in the Czech Republic in Central Europe. The motivation for this research was the need to identify the sources of air pollution in the area, particularly in locations where the contribution of different sources to concentrations of pollutants of concern has not been elucidated yet. In this study, source apportionment in the vicinity of the industrial hot spot was performed by statistically evaluating measured pollutant concentrations as a function of meteorological variables and using the Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) receptor model. A significant methodological innovation and improvement over previous assessments was the higher monitoring resolution of benzo[a]pyrene, with samples collected at three-hour intervals instead of the standard 24 h collection period. The key findings indicate that in the cold part of the year, secondary particles—specifically sulfates and ammonium nitrates—were responsible for the most significant portion of PM10 air pollution throughout the area of interest. The contribution of these particles ranged from one-third to two-fifths of the total concentration, except at the industrial site of Ostrava–Radvanice (TORE), where they accounted for approximately one-fifth of the measured pollution concentration level. Emissions from individual household heating were identified as the main source of this type of pollution. With regards to benzo[a]pyrene air pollution, this study found that in the whole area of interest, except for the Ostrava–Radvanice site, it mainly originated from individual heating with coal (90%). In contrast, at the Ostrava–Radvanice site, two-thirds of the benzo[a]pyrene pollution came from the premises of Liberty Ostrava a.s., primarily from coke production, and less than one-third came from local domestic heating. This study also determined the spatial extent of the occurrence of extremely high benzo[a]pyrene concentrations (above 5 ng/m3), which are estimated to affect nearly 10,000 inhabitants. The results confirm that the data from the TORE station are only representative of its immediate surroundings and are not applicable to the assessment of air quality and causes of air pollution in the whole city of Ostrava or the urban area of Ostrava–Radvanice as a whole. After years of research, these findings provide the Ministry of the Environment of the Czech Republic and the government with an accurate basis for implementing measures to address the identified pollution sources in the area of interest. The success of this study was made possible by the adoption of a more detailed sampling approach, which involved a resolution of 3 h instead of 24 h. This methodological improvement is a significant finding and will be useful for future source apportionment studies.

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“…Coal mining and related industry began here in the 17th century. There is a high density of individual heating with solid fuels (a high proportion of coal combustion), many industrial sources that were historically linked to coal mining in the Upper Silesian Basin and, last but not least, a rich transport infrastructure [1]. The situation is particularly serious given that this is a densely populated area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Causes of Air Pollution in the Specific Industrial Part of the Czech City of Ostrava in Central Europe

Volná,

Seibert,

Hladký

et al. 2024

Preprint

1

0

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This contribution deals with the assessment of air pollution caused by atmospheric aerosol particulate matter fraction PM10 and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) in the urban agglomeration of Ostrava, located in the Czech Republic in Central Europe. The motivation for this research was the need to identify the sources of air pollution in the area, particularly in locations where the contribution of different sources to concentrations of pollutants of concern has not been elucidated yet. In this study, source apportionment in the vicinity of the industrial hot-spot was performed by statistically evaluating measured pollutant concentrations as a function of meteorological variables and using the Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) receptor model. A significant methodological innovation and improvement over previous assessments was the higher monitoring resolution of benzo[a]pyrene, with samples collected at three-hour intervals instead of the standard 24-hour collection period. The key findings indicate that in the cold part of the year, secondary particles - specifically sulphates and ammonium nitrates - were responsible for the most significant portion of PM10 air pollution throughout the area of interest. The contribution of these particles ranged from one third to two fifths of the total concentration, except at the industrial site of Ostrava-Radvanice (TORE), where they accounted for approximately one fifth of the measured pollution concentration level. Emissions from individual household heating were identified as the main source of this type of pollution. With regards to benzo[a]pyrene air pollution, the study found that in the whole area of interest, except for the Ostrava-Radvanice site, it mainly originated from individual heating with coal (90%). In contrast, at the Ostrava-Radvanice site, two-thirds of the benzo[a]pyrene pollution came from the premises of Liberty Ostrava a.s., primarily from coke production, and less than one-third from local domestic heating. This study also determined the spatial extent of the occurrence of extremely high benzo[a]pyrene concentrations (above 5 ng/m3), which are estimated to affect nearly 10,000 inhabitants. The results confirm that the data from the TORE station are only representative of its immediate surroundings and are not applicable to the assessment of air quality and causes of air pollution in the whole city of Ostrava or the urban area of Ostrava-Radvanice as a whole. After years of research, these findings provide the Ministry of the Environment of the Czech Republic and the government with an accurate basis for implementing measures to address the identified pollution sources in the area of interest. The success of this study was made possible by the adoption of a more detailed sampling approach, which involved a resolution of 3 hours instead of 24 hours. This methodological improvement is a significant finding and will be useful for future source apportionment studies.

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Spatial and Temporal Volatility of PM2.5, PM10 and PM10-Bound B[a]P Concentrations and Assessment of the Exposure of the Population of Silesia in 2018–2021

Cited by 5 publications

References 63 publications

An exploratory analysis of PM$$_{2.5}$$/PM$$_{10}$$ ratio during spring 2016–2018 in Metropolitan Lima

An exploratory analysis of PM$$_{2.5}$$/PM$$_{10}$$ ratio during spring 2016–2018 in Metropolitan Lima

Identification of Causes of Air Pollution in a Specific Industrial Part of the Czech City of Ostrava in Central Europe

Identification of Causes of Air Pollution in the Specific Industrial Part of the Czech City of Ostrava in Central Europe

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