Spatial anticipatory attentional bias for alcohol: A preliminary report on reliability and associations with risky drinking

Gladwin, Thomas

doi:10.5114/ain.2019.85769

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…However, although eyetracking can measure overt attention shifts (responding by directly moving and focussing the gaze on a target), it does not measure covert attention shifts (responding by seeing something peripherally without directly focussing the gaze on a target). Eye-tracking might be a valuable addition to this field of research, but as also encouraged by other researchers [12] a task that can reliably measure the influence of covert attention shifts remains also desirable (see for example attempts to improve the reliability of the visual probe task, [13]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attentional bias for alcohol cues in visual search—Increased engagement, difficulty to disengage or both?

et al. 2020

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Cognitive models emphasise the importance of attentional bias in addiction. However, many attentional bias tasks have been criticised for questionable psychometric properties and inability to differentiate between engagement and disengagement processes. This study therefore examined the suitability of two alternative tasks for assessing attentional bias within the context of alcohol use. Participants were undergraduate students (N = 169) who completed the Visual Search Task and Odd-One-Out Task, the latter of which is designed to differentiate between engagement and disengagement processes of attention, at baseline and one week later. Participants also completed baseline measures of alcohol consumption, craving, and alcohol use problems. Internal consistency was adequate for the Visual Search Task index, and weak for the Odd-One-Out Task indices. Test-retest reliability was weak for both tasks. The Visual Search Task index and the disengagement (but not the engagement) index of the Odd-One-Out Task showed a positive association with alcohol consumption. This study was restricted to a non-clinical student sample. The relatively high error rate of the Odd-One-Out Task might have reduced its sensitivity as an index of attentional bias. Both tasks showed some merit as attentional bias measures, and results suggested that attentional disengagement might be particularly related to alcohol use. However, the reliability of the current measures was inadequate. One potential explanation for the low reliability is that non-clinical samples may have weak and unstable attentional biases to alcohol. Future efforts should be made to improve the psychometric qualities of both tasks and to administer them in a clinical sample.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attentional bias for alcohol cues in visual search—Increased engagement, difficulty to disengage or both?

et al. 2020

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“…Thus, performance is not dependent on a given trial's specific exemplars, but on the predicted categories of stimuli that could have been presented. Possibly partly due to this removal of a source of variability, the cVPT has been found to have relatively good reliability (Gladwin, 2018;Gladwin, Möbius, Mcloughlin, & Tyndall, 2018). A theoretical question is what is causing the bias.…”

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confidence: 99%

Predictive attentional bias modification induces stimulus-evoked attentional bias for threat

2019

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Attentional Bias Modification (ABM) aims to modulate attentional biases, but questions remain about its efficacy and there may be new variants yet to explore. The current study tested effects of a novel version of ABM, predictive ABM (predABM), using visually neutral cues predicting the locations of future threatening and neutral stimuli that had a chance of appearing after a delay. Such effects could also help understand anticipatory attentional biases measured using cued Visual Probe Tasks. One hundred and two participants completed the experiment online. We tested whether training Towards Threat versus Away from Threat contingencies on the predABM would cause subsequent attentional biases towards versus away from threat versus neutral stimuli, respectively. Participants were randomly assigned and compared on attentional bias measured via a post-training Dot-Probe task. A significant difference was found between the attentional bias in the Towards Threat versus Away from Threat group. The training contingencies induced effects on bias in the expected direction, although the bias in each group separately did not reach significance. Stronger effects may require multiple training sessions. Nevertheless, the primary test confirmed the hypothesis, showing that the predABM is a potentially interesting variant of ABM. Theoretically, the results show that automatization may involve the process of selecting the outcome of a cognitive response, rather than a simple stimulus-response association. Training based on contingencies involving predicted stimuli affect subsequent attentional measures and could be of interest in future clinical studies.

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“…The authors also demonstrated that an index of the difference in mean response latencies for probes presented in each stimulus location, providing a measure of the degree to which attention was biased, held greater levels of split-half internal reliability ( r = .56 to .69). While this particular paradigm has not shown a link with anxiety vulnerability, it has revealed relationships between biased attention to cues signalling alcoholic beverages and individual differences in alcohol consumption behaviour (Gladwin, 2019 ; Gladwin et al, 2020 ). Other studies have used the cue-signal approach while manipulating the probability of the target location relative to cue locations to experimentally induce an attentional bias towards or away from cues signalling negative information (Gladwin et al, 2021 ).…”

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confidence: 99%

Attentional biases to signals of negative information: Reliable measurement across three anxiety domains

Basanovic

2024

Behav Res

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Cognitive models propose that individuals with elevated vulnerability to experiencing negative emotion are characterised by biased attentional responding to negative information. Typically, methods of examining these biases have measured attention to pictures of emotional scenes, emotional faces, or rewarding or feared objects. Though these approaches have repeatedly yielded evidence of anxiety-linked biases, their measurement reliability is suggested to be poor. Recent research has shown that attentional responding to cues signalling negative information can be measured with greater reliability. However, whether such biases are associated with emotion vulnerability remains to be demonstrated. The present study conducted three experiments that recruited participants who varied in trait and state anxiety (N = 134), social anxiety (N = 122), or spider fear (N = 131) to complete an assessment of selective attention to cues signalling emotionally congruent negative information. Analyses demonstrated that anxiety and fear were associated with biased attentional responding to cues signalling negative information, and that such biases could be measured with acceptable reliability (rsplit-half = .69–.81). Implications for research on the relation between emotion and attention are discussed.

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Spatial anticipatory attentional bias for alcohol: A preliminary report on reliability and associations with risky drinking

Cited by 5 publications

References 32 publications

Attentional bias for alcohol cues in visual search—Increased engagement, difficulty to disengage or both?

Attentional bias for alcohol cues in visual search—Increased engagement, difficulty to disengage or both?

Predictive attentional bias modification induces stimulus-evoked attentional bias for threat

Attentional biases to signals of negative information: Reliable measurement across three anxiety domains

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