Spatial Biodiversity of Birds in Land Covers of Wetlands on Jakarta’s North Coast

Abstract

Wetlands are suitable habitats for the coastal bird community. One of the important wetlands is located on Jakarta’s North Coast. Here, this study aims to assess the spatial biodiversity of birds in various land covers of wetlands on Jakarta’s North Coast. In total, there were 23 species belonging to 12 bird families. Ardeidae, Rallidae, and Silviidae bird families have more species compared to other families. The biodiversity H' values in the wetlands dominated by mangrove cover were the highest, at 2.527, followed by the wetlands having less mangrove cover and more water bodies and fish ponds only having H’ values equal to 1.811. The arboreal, small-to-medium-sized birds belong to Nectariniidae, Ploceidae, Silviidae, and Dicaeidae were widely distributed across all land cover. In contrast, the wetlands characterized by mangrove cover dominance combined with muddy substrate coasts were dominated by mid-large water birds belong to Anatidae, Scolopacidae, Ciconiidae, Rallidae, Ardeidae, Phalacrocoracidae, Anhingidae, and Alcedinidae. It is recommended to protect the mangroves and reforest the wetlands with mangroves to provide more habitats for the coastal bird community.

A review of the avifauna visiting the wetland environments of the Martil plain (Tetouan region, northern Morocco): Preliminary results

“…The Plain of Martil has been undergoing high urbanization, tourism, demographic and socio-economic growth. These anthro35pogenic activities have modified the general landscape as well as the structure and dynamics of the wetlands (1,4,6,9,12,30,31,34,35) Wetland environments of Oued Martil and Oued El Maleh are located in urban areas of Tetouan and Martil. They are close to habitations and roads.…”

“…Urbanization in cities changes the environment and affects habitats and biodiversity. It causes loss of the surface and quality of the habitats of wetlands (1,5,6,(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38). Birds in wetland environments are important indicators of wetland environment quality and urbanization affects their population and biodiversity (8,(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35).…”

“…It causes loss of the surface and quality of the habitats of wetlands (1,5,6,(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38). Birds in wetland environments are important indicators of wetland environment quality and urbanization affects their population and biodiversity (8,(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35). Avifauna and especially migratory birds depend on water and habitats in wetland environments because they spend their entire or an important part of their life cycles in wetlands.…”