Spatial characteristics of exurban settlement pattern in the United States

Clark, Jill K.; McChesney, Ronald John; Munroe, Darla K.; Irwin, Elena G.

doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2008.11.002

Cited by 131 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Located beyond suburbia, the RUI is a mix of both rural and urban land uses and is socially and economically connected to an urban core (Audirac, 1999;Clark, McChesney, Munroe, & Irwin, 2009). The RUI is a complex landscape and is affected by a variety of processes, including both global agrifood systems pressures and stresses from local nonfarm urban-related development.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Farm Adaptation at the Rural-Urban Interface

Inwood

Clark

2013

JAFSCD

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Despite population growth and development at the rural-urban interface (RUI), agriculture continues to persist there. This resilience is partially a reflection of land use policies and market support programs designed to protect farm and ranch land that is vulnerable to nonfarm development. Studies examining the RUI primarily focus on the diversity of production and markets and do not discuss the diversity of operators. As the farmland protection and food systems movements continue to refine policy objectives and decide how to allocate scarce resources, it is critical to have up-to-date statistics on the health and vitality of agriculture at the RUI. Using the 2007 Census of Agriculture statistics, we examine (1) the spatial distribution by county of high-value production and marketing practices assumed to play a role in the persistence and vitality of agriculture at the RUI; and (2) the demographic characteristics of farmers in these counties. We find that only some types of highvalue production and marketing systems are more prevalent in metropolitan regions, including horses, nursery-greenhouse, and direct sales, while organic production, recreation sales, CSA farms, and valueadded farms are more likely to be concentrated in nonmetropolitan counties. We also find that farmers at the RUI are extremely diverse and that a substantial number of beginning and women farmers are found in nonmetropolitan counties, along with a small but notable number of African American, Hispanic and Native American farmers.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Farm Adaptation at the Rural-Urban Interface

Inwood

Clark

2013

JAFSCD

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“…The developed urban structure of Mashhad is in area with 292 km 2 and the population density of Mashhad is 82.5 p/ha. The spatial analysis of urban topography in GIS indicated that the highest part of the city in the southwest, has an altitude of 1340 m a.s.l and the lowest part in the northeast has an altitude of 920 m a.s.l (Figure 2).…”

Section: The Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The challenge of urban susceptibility mapping is to predict the ground motion effects related to various sources, path and site characteristics not just at a single site but over an extended region, and to do so with an acceptable level of reliability (Paskaleva et al, 2007). Nowadays, efforts are focused on expanding the spatial approach to organizing residential and urban areas in regional dimensions (Clark et al, 2009). Most attempts to quantify environmental vulnerability to date refer to specific systems and particular stressors or classes of stressors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Earthquake Vulnerability Zonation of Mashhad Urban Fabric by Combining the Quantitative Models in GIS, Northeast of Iran

Daneshvar¹

2013

IJEPP

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Abstract:In this study, we determined vulnerability levels of urban fabrics against earthquake risk using spatial factors.Therefore to classify risk vulnerability zones of the Mashhad urban fabric we used parameters such as ratio of open spaces, size of lands differentiation, population density, occupied area by buildings, age of buildings, deteriorated urban fabrics, proximity to faults, and seismic grading. These parameters are derived based on Mashhad municipality districts then weighted by Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and combined by the Standard Score Model in geographic information system (GIS). The results indicated that: first, the central district and districts of eight, three and four in Mashhad have the most fabric vulnerability against earthquakes, respectively. Second, the urban texture of municipal districts containing districts of nine, seven, six and ten have less vulnerability against earthquakes, respectively. Third, the parameters analysis using AHP exhibited the weighty value for lands differentiation parameter while, the correlation test revealed that the strong correlation between deteriorated urban fabrics and the final zoning map (R 2 equal to 0.75).

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“…For instance, Brown et al (2005) employ a measure of exurbia as one unit per one to forty acres, while Clark et al (2009) favor population densities of 100 to 1,000 people per square mile, and Berube et al (2006) use, in addition to commuting and growth criteria, a complex density classification based on low-density Census tracts and share of total national housing units, with an average of 2.6 acres per unit. Wheeler (2007) and Wheeler and Beebe (2011) identify "rural sprawl" as subdivision of land into non-agricultural lots of between 1 and 10 acres, accompanied by construction of access roads and other facilities, and this is the primary definition of exurban development used here.…”

Section: Journal Of Political Ecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, exurbia in the continental United States now appears at least as extensive as urban areas and suburbs (Berube et al 2006;Clark et al 2009;Theobald 2001;Travis 2007). Secondly, this land use is growing quickly in terms of the population it contains and the space it occupies (Berube et al 2006).…”

Section: Journal Of Political Ecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Gold Country: the politics of landscape in exurban El Dorado County, California

Beebe

Wheeler

2012

Journal of Political Ecology

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Low-density exurban landscapes threaten ecosystems and pose challenges for urban and regional planning, especially in nations with relatively weak rural land use regulation like the United States. Growth management efforts in such areas have generally been difficult due to strong pro-development forces and cultures of landowner rights. This article explores the political ecology of planning in one such exurban place, El Dorado County in the Sierra Nevada foothills east of Sacramento, California. Through review of historical documents, news articles, over a dozen interviews with knowledgeable local actors, and GIS analysis of growth patterns, we discuss how a demobilization of local planning develops through dynamics of power, fear, distrust, and antagonism. We explore some possible strategies for developing stronger local planning mechanisms, including more collaborative planning, better articulation of alternative growth models, and strengthened state and regional planning frameworks.Keywords: Exurbia, political ecology, urban planning, landscape, cultural geography, California.

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Spatial characteristics of exurban settlement pattern in the United States

Cited by 131 publications

References 39 publications

Farm Adaptation at the Rural-Urban Interface

Farm Adaptation at the Rural-Urban Interface

Earthquake Vulnerability Zonation of Mashhad Urban Fabric by Combining the Quantitative Models in GIS, Northeast of Iran

Gold Country: the politics of landscape in exurban El Dorado County, California

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