Spatial characterization of cretaceous Western Interior Seaway paleoceanography using foraminifera, fuzzy sets and Dempster–Shafer theory

Lockshin, Samuel N.; Yacobucci, Margaret M.; Gorsevski, Pece V.; Gregory, Andrew J.

doi:10.1016/j.grj.2017.10.001

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Macro and microfossil paleobiogeography from the WIS and adjacent open ocean sites suggest two water masses entered the sea during late transgression ( Figure 3): a warm, normal marine Tethyan water mass from the south and a cool, brackish Boreal water mass from the north. Quasi-estuarine circulation, driven by density differences between these watermasses and freshwater input on the margins of the seaway, caused these waters to form a counterclockwise gyre, with warm Tethyan waters to the east and cool Boreal waters to the west (Kent, 1968;Eicher and Worstell, 1970;Frush and Eicher, 1975;Kauffman, 1984;Pratt and Threlkeld, 1984;Eicher and Diner, 1985;Hay et al, 1993;Slingerland et al, 1996;Leckie et al, 1998;Elderbak et al, 2014;Da Gama et al, 2014;Lockshin et al, 2017). These two water masses likely mixed, through a process called caballing, to form a third, denser watermass that would have sunk and flowed out of the sea as a bottom current (Fisher, 1991;Hay et al, 1993;Elderbak and Leckie, 2016).…”

Section: Climate and Circulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The seaway records five successive high-order sea level cycles that flooded a foreland basin from the Canadian Arctic to the Gulf of Mexico throughout the Cretaceous (Kauffman, 1984;Kauffman and Caldwell, 1993). Each of these cycles is exposed in countless outcrops along the entire expanse of the WIS, from Mexico to Canada and from Utah to Iowa, and as such the WIS has a long history of paleoenvironmental and paleoceanographic investigations (e.g., Gilbert, 1895;Eicher and Worstell, 1970;McNeil and Caldwell, 1981;Kauffman, 1984;Eicher and Diner, 1985;Caldwell et al, 1993;Kauffman and Caldwell, 1993;Pratt et al, 1993;Slingerland et al, 1996;Dean and Arthur, 1998;Leckie et al, 1998;Longman et al, 1998;Schröder-Adams et al, 1998;West et al, 1998;Meyers et al, 2001;Molenaar et al, 2002;Snow et al, 2005;Nielsen et al, 2008;Locklair et al, 2011;Sageman et al, 2014;Corbett et al, 2014;Elderbak et al, 2014;Schröder-Adams, 2014;Elderbak and Leckie, 2016;Kita et al, 2017;Lockshin et al, 2017;Lowery et al, 2017a) and a well-developed biostratigraphic zonation scheme based on ammonites and inoceramid bivalves (e.g., Merewether et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Late Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway as a model for oxygenation change in epicontinental restricted basins

Lowery

Leckie

Bryant

et al. 2018

Earth-Science Reviews

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Deoxygenation is a critical problem facing the ocean as the world warms, and has the potential to effect coastal upwelling zones, shelf areas influenced by high runoff and nutrification, and restricted and semi-restricted basins. The mechanisms that drive deoxygenation in these diverse environments are still not fully understood, in part because the modern record of redox change is short and anoxia is still relatively rare in the modern ocean. Here, we address this problem of scale by studying deoxygenation in the geologic past. We summarize decades of individual studies of benthic foraminifera to generate a record of bottom water oxygen change in the Cretaceous Western Interior Sea (WIS) of North America over ~13 myr (Cenomanian-Campanian), spanning two major sea level cycles. The WIS was prone to major changes in dissolved oxygen content throughout its long history, sometimes directly antiphase to trends in the global ocean. Presented as maps, our data show that bottom water oxygen within the WIS was controlled by a combination of water mass source and mixing moderated by sea level and basin restriction. Areas flooded by cool Boreal (northern-sourced) waters in the northern and western parts of the seaway were better oxygenated than the eastern and southern portions of the seaway, which were flooded by warmer Tethyan (southern-sourced) waters. Beyond east-west differences explained by water mass, the entire seaway was better oxygenated during periods of transgression, and more poorly oxygenated to anoxic during periods of peak transgression/highstand and regression. We suggest that this pattern was due to the formation and downwelling of Western Interior Intermediate Water by the mixing of Tethyan and Boreal waters. During transgressions, an increasing volume of these watermasses entered the 3 seaway, mixed, and downwelled well-oxygenated surface water to the seafloor. During late transgression/highstand, partial stratification and the encroachment of low oxygen waters from the open ocean caused dissolved oxygen levels to drop at the seafloor, but continued downwelling prevented anoxia. During the subsequent regression, a decline in the volume of outside watermasses entering the seaway caused a reduction in mixing and weakened downwelling which led to stratification and seafloor anoxia. As a model for other semi-restricted basins, the trends observed in the WIS show that local changes in relative sea level, mixing, and circulation are critical in controlling oceanic deoxygenation in these environments, in clear contrast to continental margins impinged by oxygen minimum zones, like the contemporaneous Demerara Rise in the southern Caribbean. Although the WIS is larger than most semi-restricted basins, it is characterized by quasi-estuarine circulation driving the interaction of normal marine and brackish watermasses, and thus serves a model for similar shallow epicontinental basins of any size. Understanding how these processes vary in different environments is key to predicting susceptibility of regional water ...

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Section: Climate and Circulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Late Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway as a model for oxygenation change in epicontinental restricted basins

Lowery

Leckie

Bryant

et al. 2018

Earth-Science Reviews

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“…The deepest axis of the basin was flanked by a forebulge to the west and a hinge zone to the east, which created a gradient from mud-dominated facies nearshore to carbonate-dominated lithofacies in basinward localities (Elder et al 1994;Sageman and Arthur 1994). Sedimentary archives from the northern part of the seaway are recorded in strata from U.S. states such as Wyoming, North Dakota, and South Dakota, where boreal-dominated water masses have been detected (Fisher 2003;Polyak 2003;Lockshin et al 2017;Lowery et al 2018). In the southern WIS (New Mexico and Texas), the water masses are, at times, influenced by tropical waters from farther south (Eicher and Diner 1985;Lowery et al 2014Lowery et al , 2018Fig.…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Combined with sea-level fluctuations, this paleogeographic feature resulted in changing relative contributions of southern and northern waters into the WIS as the sill was eventually breached (Fisher 2003; Lowery et al 2018; Bryant et al 2021). In the central region, represented herein by strata from Colorado and Kansas, there is evidence for water mass mixing, stratification, and a thermal front (Leckie et al 1998; Fisher 2003; Elderbak et al 2014; Lockshin et al 2017).…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial heterogeneity in benthic foraminiferal assemblages tracks regional impacts of paleoenvironmental change across Cretaceous OAE2

Bryant

Belanger²

2023

Paleobiology

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The impact of global climate events on local ecosystems can vary spatially. Understanding this potential heterogeneity can illuminate which environments will be most impacted and the proximal drivers of ecosystem responses. Cenomanian–Turonian marine deposits of the Western Interior Seaway (WIS) record paleoceanographic changes associated with the Greenhorn transgression and the onset of Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 (OAE2). They provide an ideal setting to study basin-wide paleoecological responses during a global perturbation. Here, we integrate benthic foraminiferal assemblages from before, during, and after OAE2 via multivariate ordination analysis to examine spatial patterns in faunal responses across the western United States on a common scale and to interrogate a previously defined faunal marker commonly used for basin-wide correlation, the Benthonic Zone (BZ). We identify oxygenation and organic matter quality as primary and secondary controls of faunal variation across the 10 stratigraphic records and use this variation to infer paleoenvironmental changes. Stratigraphic trends reveal, in contrast to previous studies, deoxygenation at the onset of OAE2. They also reveal temporal patterns in oxygenation and productivity consistent with the gradual northward migration of a southern water mass into the WIS. This spatial heterogeneity hinders the use of the BZ as a temporal marker, because assemblages change in response to diachronous environmental change, and thus timing of the BZ with respect to OAE2 is not consistent across the basin. Our study demonstrates that regional processes can overshadow ecosystem responses to global events and underscores the importance of considering how changes in the position of water masses impact the expression of global biogeochemical perturbations.

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“…For instance, Lockshin et al (2017) used fuzzy set theory to model, which can directly incorporate both expert knowledge and uncertainty data into the model and would lead to more valuable information extraction for CDW. Kabir and Papadopoulos (2018) applied fuzzy MEQ 32,3 set theory using linguistic variables to reliability analysis, and it can help quantify system reliability and address uncertainty and imprecision in the results of the analysis.…”

Section: Fuzzy Set Theory In a Cba Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recycled construction and demolition waste material: a cost–benefit analysis under uncertainty

Tseng

Jeng

Lin

et al. 2021

MEQ

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PurposeConstruction and demolition waste (CDW) continuously causes environmental and social problems. These formidable challenges lead to sustainable issues and are an increasingly urgent issue worldwide. Prior studies have neglected to link the triple bottom line (TBL) to a reliable estimation or empirical model for estimating CDW production performance and lack empirical sensitivity analysis in profit maximization. This study proposes an attribute analysis to build a cost–benefit analysis (CBA) to obtain profit maximization.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses fuzzy set theory to develop a cost and benefit analysis (CBA) model to assess the sensitivity analysis in terms of its performance on addressing the environmental, economic and social aspects. The model is used to weigh the sum of benefits such as financial gain and total costs of actions taken to mitigate the negative impacts.FindingsBased on the sensitivity analysis conducted, the environmental, economic and social mean scales were significantly changed, i.e. increased, and profits increased drastically. The results provide an insight into environmental legislation compliance, environmental investment and environmental impact as the cause attributes for the CDW recycling profit increase. The results prove that sensitivity analysis is viable to infer that a sustainable production performance can achieve more revenue and profit through an adequate selection of attributes regarding the TBL aspects to address the firm's uncertainty problem in multiple criteria analysis.Originality/valueThis study builds a CBA model to maximize profits for recycled CDW material by linking of environmental, economic and societal aspects for recycled CDW assessments. It considers a sustainability structure with criteria based on TBL aspects to assess production performance to realize the Sustainable Development Goals and presents fuzzy set theory and sensitivity analysis to solve the uncertainty problem in the construction industry.

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Spatial characterization of cretaceous Western Interior Seaway paleoceanography using foraminifera, fuzzy sets and Dempster–Shafer theory

Cited by 7 publications

References 47 publications

The Late Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway as a model for oxygenation change in epicontinental restricted basins

The Late Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway as a model for oxygenation change in epicontinental restricted basins

Spatial heterogeneity in benthic foraminiferal assemblages tracks regional impacts of paleoenvironmental change across Cretaceous OAE2

Recycled construction and demolition waste material: a cost–benefit analysis under uncertainty

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