Spatial coding in the hippocampal formation: input, information type, plasticity, and behaviour

Lever, Colin; Cacucci, Francesca; Wills, TJ; Burton, Stephen; McClelland, A. C.; Burgess, N; O'Keefe, J

doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198515241.003.0011

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Species differences amongst mammals likely exist. For example darkness may affect speed estimation more in mice than rats [49,50,115,116], and acoustic flow may be more important in some bats than others [117,118]. The findings of Aharon et al [118], partly illustrated here in (Figure 5F-H), suggest that one mammalian strategy to estimate travelled distance is to assume a 'standard' travel speed, and integrate time.…”

Section: Path Integrationmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…And beyond abstract spatial parameters, cells within the hippocampal formation also encode self-motion information more directly. Notably, speed cells increase their firing rates as running speed increases ( Figure 1H), enabling calculation of how far the animal has travelled [49,50].…”

Section: Time Cellmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(G) An example rodent head direction cell, which fires strongly when the animal faces cell's preferred direction, here southwards. (H) A typical linear increase in frequency of an oscillation (such as hippocampal theta [52]) or in the firing rate of a speed cell [49,50] as an animal increases running speed. Which type of speed-related signal contributes to generating grid cell signals is debated.…”

Section: Time Cellmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Neurobiology of Mammalian Navigation

2018

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Mammals have evolved specialized brain systems to support efficient navigation within diverse habitats and over varied distances, but while navigational strategies and sensory mechanisms vary across species, core spatial components appear to be widely shared. This review presents common elements found in mammalian spatial mapping systems, focusing on the cells in the hippocampal formation representing orientational and locational spatial information, and 'core' mammalian hippocampal circuitry. Mammalian spatial mapping systems make use of both allothetic cues (space-defining cues in the external environment) and idiothetic cues (cues derived from self-motion). As examples of each cue type, we discuss: environmental boundaries, which control both orientational and locational neuronal activity and behaviour; and 'path integration', a process that allows the estimation of linear translation from velocity signals, thought to depend upon grid cells in the entorhinal cortex. Building cognitive maps entails sampling environments: we consider how the mapping system controls exploration to acquire spatial information, and how exploratory strategies may integrate idiothetic with allothetic information. We discuss how 'replay' may act to consolidate spatial maps, and simulate trajectories to aid navigational planning. Finally, we discuss grid cell models of vector navigation.

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Section: Path Integrationmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Time Cellmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Time Cellmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Neurobiology of Mammalian Navigation

2018

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“…Neurons in the hippocampal formation and entorhinal cortex also directly code running speed with changes in firing rate (Hinman et al, 2016;Kropff et al, 2015;Lever et al, 2003;O'Keefe et al, 1998;Wills et al, 2012). Neurons that code running speed include grid cells and head direction cells (Hinman et al, 2016;Kropff et al, 2015), whereas neurons sensitive to running speed that do not code other spatial dimensions are referred to as speed cells (Kropff et al, 2015).…”

Section: Theta Rhythm and The Coding Of Running Speedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconciling the different faces of hippocampal theta: The role of theta oscillations in cognitive, emotional and innate behaviors

Korotkova

Ponomarenko

Monaghan

et al. 2018

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

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128

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The theta oscillation (5-10Hz) is a prominent behavior-specific brain rhythm. This review summarizes studies showing the multifaceted role of theta rhythm in cognitive functions, including spatial coding, time coding and memory, exploratory locomotion and anxiety-related behaviors. We describe how activity of hippocampal theta rhythm generators - medial septum, nucleus incertus and entorhinal cortex, links theta with specific behaviors. We review evidence for functions of the theta-rhythmic signaling to subcortical targets, including lateral septum. Further, we describe functional associations of theta oscillation properties - phase, frequency and amplitude - with memory, locomotion and anxiety, and outline how manipulations of these features, using optogenetics or pharmacology, affect associative and innate behaviors. We discuss work linking cognition to the slope of the theta frequency to running speed regression, and emotion-sensitivity (anxiolysis) to its y-intercept. Finally, we describe parallel emergence of theta oscillations, theta-mediated neuronal activity and behaviors during development. This review highlights a complex interplay of neuronal circuits and synchronization features, which enables an adaptive regulation of multiple behaviors by theta-rhythmic signaling.

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“…Place cells are cells that fire when the rat is in a particular location, irrespective of viewpoint, and ''head direction cells,'' found in the postsubiculum by Ranck (1990a, 1990b), fire when the animal is heading in a particular direction, irrespective of place. These two elements are thought to be the basis of cognitive maps (Lever et al, 2003). In terms of human infants, there is evidence for early relational use of landmarks if an event is expected which occurs between two distinctive landmarks (Lew, Bremner, & Lefkovitch, 2000;Lew, Foster, Crowther, & Green, 2004), with more complex relations such as ''to the opposite side of a landmark'' being used successfully at least as early as the latter part of the second year (Acredolo & Evans, 1980).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of geometric, but not topological, spatial transformations in 6‐ to 12‐month‐old infants in a visual exploration paradigm

Lew

Foster

Bremner

et al. 2005

Developmental Psychobiology

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Several theories of spatial orientation propose that the geometry of an environment plays a privileged role in reorientation, relative to relations between individual landmarks. Infants (N = 90) in three age groups (6, 8 1/2, and 12 months) experienced three conditions: topological, geometric, and control. A round room contained four distinctive objects in a rectangular arrangement on the inside periphery. Infants were familiarized to the array prior to a 2-min test period. In the topological condition, two objects were switched. In the geometric condition, the objects were moved to form an irregular quadrilateral. In the control condition, the array remained unchanged. Infants of 8 1/2 months and over visually explored significantly more in the geometric condition only. An initial study with adults found greater visual exploration in both geometric and topological conditions. These results are discussed in the context of current theories of spatial orientation.

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Spatial coding in the hippocampal formation: input, information type, plasticity, and behaviour

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

The Neurobiology of Mammalian Navigation

The Neurobiology of Mammalian Navigation

Reconciling the different faces of hippocampal theta: The role of theta oscillations in cognitive, emotional and innate behaviors

Detection of geometric, but not topological, spatial transformations in 6‐ to 12‐month‐old infants in a visual exploration paradigm

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