properly manage ecologically sensitive environments, especially where ecosystems and societies are hydrologically connected. However, keeping track of everyone's behaviour toward the environment within and around wetland protected areas can be challenging where one-dimensional regulation is applied to specific designated areas. Despite hydrological connections of wetland with the surrounding environment, only specific wetland or open-water areas designated for protection are strictly regulated. At the same time, residents of different villages are exposed to different quality and quantity of ecosystem services depending on the location of their residences. This study observed how local residents of the Upo Wetland (Ramsar, a national wetland protected area of Korea) community perceived and identified fundamental landscape components differently depending on the residence location where water flows in, through and out of the wetland protected area. A semi-structured interview was conducted for each participant to understand the local residents' perceptions. Semantic Network Analysis was used after the interviews to identify outstanding keywords and keyword groups derived from each interview. The results demonstrated a shift in perceptions toward landscape components based on the villages each resident belonged to, whereas landscape components, such as agricultural land, rivers and streams, were understood uniformly by decision-makers on a map. Visualising and understanding different perceptions towards fundamental landscape components revealed that residents residing at the upper stream of Upo wetland cared less about the water quality and were more interested in human-induced activities. In contrast, residents of the lower stream of Upo wetland expressed greater concerns about the degradation of water and were less interested in human-induced activities.