Spatial Difference of Transit-Based Accessibility to Hospitals by Regions Using Spatially Adjusted ANOVA

Abstract

This paper proposes a spatial difference analysis method for evaluating transit-based accessibility to hospitals using spatially adjusted ANOVA. This method specializes in examining spatial variations of accessibility to hospitals by regions (i.e. administrative districts or subdistricts). The spatial lag model is applied to adjust traditional ANOVA, which reduces spatial dependency and avoids false rejection to null hypothesis. Multiple comparison methods are used for further detection of differences in accessibility between regions. After multiple comparison, accessibility within regions is classified into three levels. The study is conducted on two scales—administrative districts and subdistricts—to discuss spatial variations in macro and micro dimensions respectively in the central part of Wuhan, China. Accessibility is calculated by using a simple model and a gravity model. The final classification results showed that the spatially adjusted method is more reliable than the traditional non spatially adjusted one and the gravity model can better detect more hidden information about the inequal distribution of medical resources. It is also found that the subdistricts, which have significantly lower accessibility to hospitals than others, are mainly distributed in Hongshan and Qingshan district. Our study hopes to shed new lights in spatial difference analysis for accessibility and provide policy recommendations that would promote equality in provisions of public health services.

Reducing exposure to COVID-19 by improving access to fever clinics: an empirical research of the Shenzhen area of China

“…Referring to the accessibility-based measurements proposed in Hulland and Van Wee [ 40 ], this paper reckoned cumulative opportunities for visiting FCs based on the travel time of ECs [ 41 ]. Stemming from 2016 urban resident trip surveys in Shenzhen, more residents prefer traveling in non-driving models, accounting for 74%.…”

“…In addition, the proportion of tertiary hospitals in scheme 2 was reduced from 71.43% to 24.07%, reducing the overutilization of high-quality medical resources. Therefore, in the context of the current epidemic and other future public health crises, a community-wide, well-resourced, health-equitable primary health care system is not only a central policy of the national health system and emergency response [ 45 ] [ 29 ], but also a basic safety guarantee for the sustainable development of people’s lives and health.…”

“…In this study, in order to truly reflect the variability in the medical accessibility under different travel modes for residents in Shenzhen, we used Baidu map real-time navigation data instead of road network calculation theory [ 29 – 31 ] to obtain the travel time and define health facility access. What’s more, travel time can be used to define accessibility in this paper due to it not only directly determines the risks of virus infection but also a key indicator in related predictions studies, such as H7N9 Avian Influenza [ 31 ], African Malaria [ 32 ], African Food security [ 33 ].…”

Analyzing Access to Health Facilities by Road Using Unconventional Data Sources

“…Various computational methods have been developed to model access, with two-step floating catchment area (2SFCA) being widely accepted in the health community. 2SFCA allows for the number of health facilities available to be considered alongside travel impedance, allowing for a supply–demand approach ( 3 , 4 ).The challenge is that these methodologies, while already a technical challenge for implementation by health departments in advanced economies, tend to be well outside the traditional skill set of health department staff in emerging economies, where underlying data and computing resources are scarce. So, the team looked to the transport sector to identify more accessible tools and data sources.…”

Reducing exposure to COVID-19 by improving access to fever clinics: An empirical research of the Shenzhen area of China

“…In this study, in order to truly re ect the variability in the medical accessibility under different travel modes for residents in Shenzhen, we used Baidu map real-time navigation data instead of road network calculation theory 29,30,31 to obtain the travel time and de ne health facility access. What's more, travel time can be used to de ne accessibility in this paper due to it not only directly determines the risks of virus infection but also a key indicator in related predictions studies, such as H7N9 Avian In uenza 31 , African Malaria 32 , African Food security 33 .…”