Spatial Differentiation of Land Use and Landscape Pattern Changes in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Area

Abstract

Landscape pattern analysis based on geometric features effectively reflects the spatial patterns of land use. Based on the administrative boundaries of prefecture-level cities, the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei collaborative development area is divided into three sub-regions, according to ecological–production–living functions. We used remote sensing data of long time series land-use change from late 1980 to 2015, and analyzed landscape pattern changes and spatial differentiation in the past 30 years. The results show that: (1) The main type of land-use change was the flow of cultivated land to urban construction land, and the urbanization process was significant. (2) The urban construction land was the landscape type with the highest degree of fragmentation and maximum land-use change in the region. (3) The patch density in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei area increased while the average patch area decreased, and the entire landscape tended towards significant fragmentation. The Shannon diversity and evenness indexes continued to increase, indicating that the overall landscape in this region is heterogeneous and diversified. The ecological and environmental protection measures implemented in this region so far have achieved results, but require more stringent measures to ensure the total diversification of land use in the region.

Impact of Assimilating Ground-Based Microwave Radiometer Data on the Precipitation Bifurcation Forecast: A Case Study in Beijing

“…Owing to the joint effects of topography and urban thermal circulation, the urbanization process was significant in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei collaborative development area [43], precipitation in Beijing has its uniqueness and complexity [44][45][46]. Previous studies have shown that the intensity of urban heat island prior to the start of rainfall could project, to a certain extent, the thermodynamic impact of urban underlying surface on the precipitation process.…”

Studying the Eco-Environmental Quality Variations of Jing-Jin-Ji Urban Agglomeration and Its Driving Factors in Different Ecosystem Service Regions From 2001 to 2015

“…For instance, Wang et al analyzed the land-use dynamics of JJJ. They found that deforestation, grass destruction, and grain cultivation gradually declined [50]. Indeed, the implementation of numerous projects by the government has contributed a lot [51].…”

“…For example, "Returning Farmland to Forest (grass) Project," "Three-North Shelter Forest Program," and "Beijing-Hebei Ecological Water Resources Protection Forest Project," which were begun in 2000, 1979, and 2009, respectively [5]. Taking Zhangjiakou city as an example, the high NTEDI grade was mainly distributed in this city, combined with statistical data, at the end of 2015, farmland with almost 0.2257 million hectares had converted into the forest [50], [52]. To sum up, existing projects had made progress; however, more stringent plans should be formulated to acquire a better eco-environment in the future [50].…”

“…Taking Zhangjiakou city as an example, the high NTEDI grade was mainly distributed in this city, combined with statistical data, at the end of 2015, farmland with almost 0.2257 million hectares had converted into the forest [50], [52]. To sum up, existing projects had made progress; however, more stringent plans should be formulated to acquire a better eco-environment in the future [50].…”

Remote Sensing for Short-Term Economic Forecasts

“…Mostly related to our study are empirical analyses of land use change by using remote sensing data. Riao et al (2020) [16] and Wang et al (2020) [17] analyzed the urbanization process in different regions in China. The studies prove the extensive conversion of arable land into building land.…”