Spatial directions and situation model organization

Abstract

Do spatial directions, such as "to the right," influence the integration and segregation of information into situation models? According to a single-framework hypothesis, spatial location serves as an event framework, and spatial directions serve as relational information within that framework but do not establish separate sublocation frameworks. Alternatively, according to a fragmented-framework hypothesis, spatial directions lead the larger framework to be broken down such that each direction is treated as a separate sublocation, thereby producing retrieval interference. In three experiments, people memorized sentences about objects in locations. The results support the fragmented-framework hypothesis. Control conditions ruled out explanations based on the ease of memorization, retrieval demands, or sentence complexity.

Event perception

“…However, it is possible for people to treat spatial relations as a means to define subregions within a larger spatial context. 10 …”

“…However, it is possible for people to treat spatial relations as a means to define subregions within a larger spatial context. 10 It is also important to note that it is possible for event models to be 'viewpoint' dependent to some degree. That is, the model may be experienced or 'read' based on a particular perspective from within the model.…”

Representaciones mentales en la comprensión del discurso: Del significante lineal al modelo de situación

“…Numerosos estudios han proporcionado evidencia de que los comprendedores construyen un modelo de situación en tiempo real (on-line) con las propiedades arriba señaladas. Es esta representación la que provee el marco o escenario que posibilita la elaboración de inferencias y contribuye, al mismo tiempo, a explicar porqué es posible la realización de dichas operaciones (Radvansky, 2009).…”

“…La representación del escenario permite la mantención de elementos activos tanto en el foco como en el trasfondo y es otra dimensión en la que se aprecia el papel del modelo en la dinámica de la lectura (Glenberg, Meyer & Linden, 1987). En la misma línea, otras investigaciones han aportado evidencia de que el modelo se elabora desde la perspectiva del lector, reflejando una suerte de 'ojo mental' que observa la escena representada, reforzando la noción de experiencia vicaria del lector como una suerte de observador participante de la escena (Sanford & Garrod, 1981;Garrod & Sanford, 1983;Radvansky, 2009). En esta dinámica, el modelo mental, escenario o modelo de situación, en tanto representación no lingüística y no proposicional del discurso, no solo interviene tempranamente en el procesamiento, sino que, junto con proporcionar las condiciones que hacen posible la realización de inferencias para la asignación de coherencia (y la consiguiente comprensión del discurso), se actualiza en tiempo real a medida que se desarrolla el proceso de lectura (Sanford & Garrod, 1981;Garrod & Sanford, 1983;Radvasky & Dijkstra, 2007;Radvasky, 2009).…”

Event memory and moving in a well-known environment

“…That is, because both rooms are part of the same movement, accessing information from either one of these event models will set up a competition between the two. The presence of two mental representations (the event models) that share a concept (the movement) can be thought of as a form of associative interference and a type of fan effect, because the two locations compete for retrieval from long-term memory as a consequence of being associated with the same retrieval cue (the movement; Radvansky, 1998Radvansky, , 1999aRadvansky, , 2005Radvansky, , 2009Radvansky & Copeland, 2006a, 2006bRadvansky, Spieler, & Zacks, 1993;Radvansky & Zacks 1991). This is where the fifth component of the event horizon model comes in.…”